Term
|
Definition
| a brief episode of abnormal electrical activity in nerve cells of brain, may or many not be accompanied by visible changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tonic-clonic type of seizure characterized by spasmodic contractions of involuntary pattern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seizures occuring in chronic, recurrent pattern |
|
|
Term
| what is status epilepticus? |
|
Definition
| generalized tonic-clonic convulsions lasting for several minutes or occuring at close intervals during which the patient does not regain consciousness, life-threatening |
|
|
Term
| What do antiseizure drugs do? |
|
Definition
| work to control seizure activity, does not cure underlying disorder |
|
|
Term
| what are mechanisms of antiseizure drugs? |
|
Definition
- exact mechanism is unknown
- possiblities: decreasing movement of ions into nerve cells, altering activity of neurotransmitters, or combo of both
|
|
|
Term
| what are indications to use antiseizure drugs? |
|
Definition
- prevention or treatment of seizures
- can also be used for tx of bipolar disorder and neuropathic pain
|
|
|
Term
| what are contrindications to using antiseizure drugs? |
|
Definition
CNS depression, hx of hypersensitivity rxn, hepatic or renal impairment
-use cautiosly in pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| What are individual antiseizure drugs? |
|
Definition
- phenytoin-protype
- fosphenytoin
- carbamezepine (Tegretol)
- levetiracetam (Keppra)
- diazepam (Valium)
- lorazepam (Ativan)
|
|
|
Term
| What is Phenytoin used for? |
|
Definition
| used for generalized tonic-clonic and some partial sz, and also prevention of sz during and after neurosurgery |
|
|
Term
| how is phenytoin absorbed/taken? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of effects does phenytoin have? |
|
Definition
| adverse effects: CNS, GI, and gingival hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| how is fosphenytoin taken? |
|
Definition
| available IM or IV administration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prodrug formulation, hydrolyzed to phenytoin after administration |
|
|
Term
| what is carbamezephine (Tegretol) used for? |
|
Definition
- used for partial, generalized tonic-clonic- and mixed seizures
also used for trigeminal neuralgia and bipolar d/o
|
|
|
Term
| what effects does carbamezepine have? |
|
Definition
| adverse effects: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia |
|
|
Term
| what is levetiracetam (Keppra) used for? |
|
Definition
| used in conjuciton with other AEDS for management of partial seizures |
|
|
Term
| what are the benefits of levetiracetam? |
|
Definition
| achieves therapeutic effects quickly, not metabolized by liver |
|
|
Term
| what is diazepam and lorazepam used for? |
|
Definition
| used for acute convulsive seizures, status epilepticus |
|
|
