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Behavior, characteristic of a species, possessed by all members of the species.
Instincts are innate.
ex: spider web (each species makes a different web) |
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The way to test for instincts.
Ex: Different sized and different colored beaks for Herring Gull young. |
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An exaggerated release stimulus.
Ex: More contrasting colors on fake beak, young peck more. |
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| Behavioral traits are a result of evolution. |
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Primary human instincts have emotions associated with them.
Instinct Emotion
"flight" fear
"repulsion" disgust
"curiosity" wonder |
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Definition
The instinct of belief-in-instincts.
Wondered if there were release stimuli for human instincts too
-Feces smell = disgust |
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Freud
Two basic instincts |
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Definition
Life (eros): nurturing, procreation, water, warmth
Death (thanatos): aggression, acquire territory, mates
-We do things without knowing why. |
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| Animals in a Constant Environment |
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Definition
Animals behave differently.
Ex: Running wheel activity of female rat. |
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| The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that drives the organism to reduce the need by (for example) eating or drinking. |
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The maintenance of a steady internal state.
The physiological aim of drive reduction.
Ex: Body temperature |
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| Innate, fundamental, biological (body) |
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Learned
Ex: Work for money to get primary needs (food/shelter) |
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Learned properties of a goal.
There is no incentive until you experience the goal. |
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| Natural tendencies to do certain things, certain behaviors. |
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Imprinting with his goslings.
Example of intrinsic motivation. |
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| The increasing tendency to perform a behavior as a function of time since it was last performed. |
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| An accumulation of drive, incentive and urge. |
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No stimulation or external arousal.
People don't like it.
Long term lack of arousal leads the mind to create it's own arousal=hallucinations.
Ex: Prison cell (isolation=awful)
Ex: Flotation tank, people like them for brief periods of time.
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Term
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
Transcendence
Self-Actualization
Esteem
Belonging & Love
Safety
Physiological needs
-Must satisfy lower level needs before you can satisfy upper level needs. |
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Definition
Eating disorder where you do not eat enough.
Usually these people have distorted body image. |
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"Binge and Purge"
Affects college age women the most. |
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Term
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Definition
Does hunger arise from the stomach?
-Swallowed balloon connected to tube.
-Stomach contracts, air pressure in balloon goes up the tube and a needle moves which "measures hunger"
EXPERIMENTER BIAS |
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Term
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Definition
Maps of brains of animals.
Could place electrodes on brains fairly precisely. |
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| Dual Hypothalamic Control Theory |
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Definition
Lateral Hypothalamus:
Stimulate -> Start eating
Ablate (remove) -> Under-eating (starve)
Ventral Medial Hypothalamus:
Stimulate -> Stop eating
Ablate -> Overeating |
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Term
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Definition
Gave subjects sandwiches, then crackers, then asked them what they thought of the crackers.
"Skinnies" ate fewer crackers (internally controlled)
"Fatties" ate all the crackers (externally controlled)
Conclusion: becoming obese makes you externally controlled. |
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Term
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Definition
[image]
Cannot decrease number of fat cells. |
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