Term
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Definition
| opening through which food passes into the body; breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva |
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Term
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Definition
| consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth. It provides movement of food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior portion of the palate, not supported by bone |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior portion of the palate, supported by bone |
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Term
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Definition
| soft V-shaped mass that extends from the palate into the throat |
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Term
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Definition
| performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| 10-inch (25-cm) tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food. It secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control. |
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Term
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Definition
| area around the opening of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| uppermost domed portion of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| central portion of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| lower part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the pylorus that connects to the body of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| 20-foot (6-m) canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| first 10 to 12 inches (25 cm) of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet (2.4 m) long |
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Term
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Definition
| third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet (3.3 m) long, which connects with the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| canal that is approximately 5 feet (1.5 m) long and extends from the ileum to the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| blind U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| next portion of the large intestine. The colon is divided into four parts: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. |
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Term
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Definition
| remaining portion of the large intestine, approximately 8 to 10 inches (20 cm) long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| sphincter muscle (ring-like band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight) at the end of the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| produce saliva, which flows into the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats. This organ performs many other functions concerned with digestion and metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| passageways that carry bile: the hepatic duct is a passageway for bile from the liver, and the cystic ducts carries bile from the gallbladder. They join to form the common duct, which conveys bile to the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| small, saclike structure that stores bile |
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Term
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Definition
| produces pancreatic juice, which helps digestion all types of food and secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| serous sac lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
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Term
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Definition
| small pouch, which has no function in digestion, attached to the cecum |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| colon (usually denoting large intestine) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| intestine (usually denoting small intestine) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o |
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Definition
| abdomen (abdominal cavity) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diverticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hernia, or protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pylorus, pyloric spincter |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the appendix |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the gallblader |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of stones in the common bile duct |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the diverticulum |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal condition of having diverticula |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the esophagus |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the stomach and intestines |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the liver |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the palate |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal condition of (multiple) polyps (in the mucous membrane of the intestine, especially the colon; high potential for malignancy) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stone in the salivary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the uvula |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated. This may occur after abdominal surgery; surgical treatment is called adhesiolysis or adhesiotomy |
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Term
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Definition
| psychoneurotic disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese. It occurs primarily in adolescents. |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells, most commonly caused by alcoholism |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic inflammation usually affecting the ileum, although it an affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by cobblestone ulcerations along the intestinal wall and the formation of scar tissue may cause obstruction. It is also called regional ileitis or regional enteritis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
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Definition
| the abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, gradually breaking down the mucous barrier of the esophagus |
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Term
|
Definition
| obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis |
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Term
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Definition
| telescoping of a segment of the intestine |
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Term
| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
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Definition
| periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain |
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Term
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Definition
| excess of body fat (not body weight) |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for gastric or duodenal ulcer |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor-like growth extending outward from a mucous membrane. Usually benign; common sites are in the nose, throat, and intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers. The main symptom is diarrhea; as many as 15 to 20 stools per day. An ileostomy may be performed to treat this condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the anus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| incision into the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excision of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| creation of an artificial opening into the colon (through the abdominal wall). (Used for the passage of stool. A colostomy, which creates a mouth-like opening on the abdominal wall called a stoma, may be permanent or temporary and performed as treatment for bowel obstruction, cancer, or diverticulitis) |
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Term
|
Definition
| excision of a diverticulum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of he esophagus and the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of the stomach (or part of the stomach) |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of an artificial opening into the stomach (through the abdominal wall). (A tube is inserted through the opening for administration of food when swallowing is impossible). |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of gum (tissue) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| excision of half of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| suturing of a hernia (for repair) |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of an artificial opening into the ileum (through the abdominal wall creating a stoma, a mouth-like opening on the abdominal wall). (Used for the passage of stool. It is performed for ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, or cancer). |
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Term
|
Definition
| incision into the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the palate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| incision into the pyloric muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the pylorus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) |
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Definition
| surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx (performed to correct obstructive sleep apnea) |
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Term
| abdominoperineal resection (A&P resectino) |
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Definition
| removal of the colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches. Performed to treat colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases of the lower large intestine. The patient will have a colostomy |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical connection between two normally distinct structures |
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Term
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Definition
| cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray image of bile ducts. (An injection of radiopaque material is used to outline the ducts) |
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Term
|
Definition
| x-ray image of the gallbladder. (Oral cholecystogram is still used to diagnose cholelithiasis, but ultrasound is now the method of choice) |
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Term
|
Definition
| x-ray imaging of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination within a hollow organ |
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Term
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) |
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Definition
| visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
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Term
|
Definition
| instrument for visual examination of the esophagus |
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Term
|
Definition
| visual examination of the esophagus |
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Term
|
Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the rectum |
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Term
|
Definition
| visual examination of the rectum |
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Term
|
Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
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Term
|
Definition
| visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
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Term
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Definition
| series of x-ray images taken of the large intestine after a barium enema has been administered. |
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Term
| upper GI (gastrointestinal) series |
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Definition
| series of x-ray images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has been swallowed. |
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Term
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) |
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Definition
| radiographic (x-ray) examination of the bile and pancreatic ducts with contrast medium, fluoroscopy, and endoscopy |
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Term
| endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) |
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Definition
| a procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall. Used to detect tumors and cystic growths and for staging of malignant tumors. |
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Term
| Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies test |
|
Definition
| a blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori bacteria. The bacteria can be found in the lining of the stomach and can cause peptic ulcers. Tests for H. pylori are also performed on biopsy specimens and by breath test. |
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Term
| fecal occult blood test (guaiac test) |
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Definition
| a test to detect occult blood in feces. It is used to screen for colon cancer or polyps. Occult blood refers to blood that is present but can only be viewed microscopically. Trade names for commercial test kits include: Hema-Check, Colo-Rect, and Hematest. |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity (paracentesis) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| without swallowing (inability to) |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the colon and rectum |
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Term
|
Definition
| difficult digestion (often used to describe GI symptoms) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines (GI tract and accessory organs) |
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Term
|
Definition
| study of the stomach and intestines (a branch of medicine that deals with treating diseases of the GI tract and accessory organs) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the ileum and cecum |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the nose and stomach |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the peritoneum |
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Term
|
Definition
| physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum |
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Term
|
Definition
| study of the rectum (branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the rectum and anus) |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the rectum (a branch of medicine that deals with treating diseases of the rectum) |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the mouth and stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to under the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| frequent discharge of liquid stool |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain |
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Term
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Definition
| waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum (bowel movement, stool, fecal matter) |
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Term
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Definition
| gas in the digestive tract or expelled through the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| washing out of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| black, tarry stool that contains digestion blood. Usually a result of bleeding in the upper GI tract. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| involuntary wavelike contracts that propel food along the digestive tract |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal backward flow. In esophageal reflux, the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| matter expelled from the stomach through the mouth (vomitus or emesis) |
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Term
|
Definition
abdominoperineal resection
(suffix) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
(suffix) |
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Term
|
Definition
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
(suffix) |
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Term
|
Definition
endoscopic ultrasound
(suffix) |
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Term
|
Definition
gastroesophageal reflux disease
(suffix) |
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Term
|
Definition
gastrointestinal
(suffix) |
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Term
|
Definition
Helicobacter pylori
(suffix) |
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Term
|
Definition
irritable bowel syndrome
(suffix) |
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Term
|
Definition
nausea and vomiting
(suffix) |
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Term
|
Definition
percutaneous endoscopic gasrostomy
(suffix) |
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Term
|
Definition
upper gastrointestinal
(suffix) |
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Term
|
Definition
uvulopalatopharygoplasty
(suffix) |
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|
