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Chapter 11
Temporal Analysis
18
Criminology
Professional
11/18/2009

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Cards

Term
Define Temporal Analysis
Definition
The study of time.
Term
What are the two reasons we analyze time?
Definition

1. To understand what has already happened

2. To predict what will happen in the future

Term
What are the two elements that are typically combined to identify a discrete temporal location?
Definition
Date and Time.
Term
What does A.M. stand for?
Definition
Ante Meridian
Term
What does P.M. stand for?
Definition
Post Meridian.
Term

When electronically stored,Date and Time data are often merged into a single "date/time" field.

What are the 3 formats used for storing this data?

Definition

1. Text field

2. Numeric field

3. A Specialized date/time field type

Term
Define Temporal Distribution
Definition
How events are situated throughout the study area in relation to one another.
Term
What are the 3 classes of distribution?
Definition

1. Clustered events tend to occur in close proximity to one another.

2. Uniform events tend to occur far apart from one another.

3. Random events are neither clustered nor uniform.

(All can apply to geography or time)

Term
The Nearest Neighbor Test, Ripley's K, and Moran's I are all tests to measure what?
Definition
Distribution
Term

What is tempo?

 

Definition

Tempo is a measurement of tendency

 

 

Term
What are the 3 types of tempo?
Definition

1. Acceleration occurs when the interval between events decreases as the number of events decreases

2. Decceleration occurs when the interval between events increases as the number of events increases

3. Stabilization occurs when the interval between events neither increases nor decreases as the number of events increases

Term
The Least Squares Best Fit method can be applied to a tempogram to calculate what?
Definition
A trend line.
Term

Tempo suffers limitations, one of which being that it does not account for terminal velocity.

 

What is terminal velocity?

Definition
The fastest rate at which events can occur.
Term
In order to make sense of an otherwise chaotic tempo or distribution, we look for ________________.
Definition

Correlations

 

We look for correlations between the interval and other another variable, such as value of goods obtained.

Term
True or False? There's no such thing as "random" when it comes to human bahavior.
Definition
True.
Term
Define the type of temporal falacy known as a spurious relationship.
Definition
A spurious relationship is when two factors have no causal connection, but appear to have one due to a third unknown variable.
Term
What are the 3 questions an analyst should ask when confronted by an apparent temporal correlation?
Definition

1. Is the correlation logical?

2. Is the correlation causal?

3. What have you forgotten?

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