Term
| how many bonds does carbon always make? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the exception to carbon always making four bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| two reasons carbon is so special: |
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Definition
| can form 4 covalent bonds and bonds with other carbon atoms in a straight chain or ring |
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Term
| what kind of bonds do organic molecules form? |
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Definition
| covalent or polar-covalent |
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Term
| what kind of bonds do organic molecules never form? |
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Definition
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Term
| can carbon form quadrupal bonds? |
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Definition
| no, just single, double and triple |
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Term
| other elements commonly found in organic molecules? |
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Definition
| hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen |
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Term
| each central atom has a specific |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the first synthesized organic molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what makes carbon able to form four equivelent bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does hybridization allow carbon to do? |
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Definition
| form long chains and rings structures |
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Term
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Definition
| same molecular formula different compounds |
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Term
| why do structuralisomers have different physical properties? |
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Definition
| because they are connected in a different order |
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Term
| another name for structural isomers? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| structural elements with characteristic arrangement of atoms and similar chemical properties |
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Term
| what determines the characteristics of organic molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
| three types of structural formulas? |
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Definition
| molecular, lewis structures, condensed structural formulas |
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Term
| hydrocarbons contain only |
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Definition
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Term
| four most simple types of hydrocarbons: |
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Definition
| alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| at least one double bonds |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is possible if an alkane has more than three carbons |
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Definition
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Term
| branches and straight chain alkanes are |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bonds must be broken to change shape |
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Term
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Definition
| different structures of the same compounds |
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Term
| can you twist a double bond? |
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Definition
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Term
| are conformations malleable |
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Definition
| yes, different conformations are achieved by rotating around single bonds |
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Term
| configurations are not changeable unless |
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Definition
| bonds are broken and reformed |
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Term
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Definition
| the number and identity of attached groups |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| functional class (alkane, alkene, etc) |
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Term
| how can main groups be modified? |
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Definition
| by the addition of substituents |
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Term
| during modification you lose an atom but the (blank) is maintained |
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Definition
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Term
| first step when naming organic molecules |
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Definition
| find and name the longest contiual carbon chain |
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Term
| the main chain is what part of the name? |
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Definition
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Term
| which carbon is number one? |
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Definition
| the carbon closest to a branch |
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Term
| second step when naming organic molecules |
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Definition
| identify each substituent |
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Term
| number each substituent according to |
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Definition
| where it is attached to the main chain |
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Term
| if there are two or more substituents attahed to the same carbon of the main chain... |
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Definition
| they each get the same number |
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Term
| will you find metal in organic compounds |
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Definition
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Term
| why are alkanes saturated? |
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Definition
| the max number of carbons are attached |
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Term
| general formula for cycloalkanes |
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Definition
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Term
| the smallest cycloalkanes have (blank) carbons |
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Definition
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Term
| why are three and four carbon rings strained? |
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Definition
| because the bond angles are less than 110 degrees |
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Term
| what do you include in line structures of cyclalkanes? |
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Definition
| bonds and elements beside carbon and hydrogen |
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Term
| how do you decide which carbon is number one on the cycloalkane? |
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Definition
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Term
| is free rotation possible in a cyclic compound? |
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Definition
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Term
| two commonly seen conformations of cyclohexane |
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Definition
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Term
| which is the more stable cycloalkane, the chair or the boat? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the bond angles in a cyclohexane? |
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Definition
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Term
| because rings have fixed structures it is possible for substituents to |
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Definition
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Term
| to distinguish whether or not the substituents are on the same side, you use these two prefixes |
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Definition
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Term
| are alkanes polar or nonpolar |
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Definition
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Term
| are alkanes soluble in water |
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Definition
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Term
| alkanes density more or less than water |
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Definition
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Term
| physical properties of alkanes |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| alkane intermolecular forces are |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the rapid reaction of another compound with oxygen that produces heat and light |
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Term
| the products of combustion are always |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a combination of the 2s and 2p orbitals that allows carbon to make four bonds that are equivelent |
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Term
| structural formulas show all |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the simplest of all organic compounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| another word for saturated hydrocarbons |
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Definition
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Term
| three types of unsaturated hydrocardbons |
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Definition
| alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics |
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Term
| what kind of hydrocarbons are not common in the human body? |
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Definition
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Term
| general formula for alkanes |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the simplest alkane |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the bond angles of a tetrahedral? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what does the prefix n mean? |
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Definition
| indicates that all carbons form an unbranched chain |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of atoms that can be thought of as an alkane minus one hydrogen atom |
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Term
| why do alkanes have a lower melting and boiling point than other organic molecules |
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Definition
| because they have very weak nonpolar bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| any series of compounds in which each member differs from the previous member only be having an additional CH2 unit |
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Term
| dispersion forces increase as (blank) increases |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| what are the least reactive of all organic compounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the products of incomplete combustion |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes incomplete combustion |
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Definition
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