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Chapter 1
Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body
50
Medical
Not Applicable
09/19/2012

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Term
Anatomy
Definition
The study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts. The word anatomy is derived from two Greek words that mean "a cutting up"
Term
Dissection
Definition
Cutting technique used to separate body parts for study
Term
Physiology
Definition
The study of body function
Term
Anatomical position
Definition
The reference position for the body, which gives meaning to directional terms
Term
Anatomy
Definition
The study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts. The word anatomy is derived from two Greek words that mean "a cutting up"
Term
Dissection
Definition
Cutting technique used to separate body parts for study
Term
Physiology
Definition
The study of body function
Term
Anatomical position
Definition
The reference position for the body, which gives meaning to directional terms
Term
Supine
Definition
Used to describe the body lying in a horizontal position facing upward
Term
Prone
Definition
Used to describe the body lying in a horizontal position facing downward
Term
Superior
Definition
"Toward the head""upper or above"
Term
Inferior
Definition
"Toward the feet""lower or below"
Term
Anterior
Definition
"Front or in front of"
Term
Posterior
Definition
"Back or in back of"
Term
Medial
Definition
"Toward the midline of the body"
Term
Lateral
Definition
"Toward the side of the body"
Term
Proximal
Definition
"Toward or nearest the trunk of the body, or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts?
Term
Distal
Definition
"Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part"
Term
Superficial
Definition
Near the body surface
Term
Deep
Definition
Farther away from the body's surface
Term
Sagittal
Definition
longitudinal; like an arrow
Term
Frontal
Definition
Lengthwise plane running from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
Term
Transverse
Definition
Horizontal or crosswise plane
Term
Ventral body cavity
Definition
Organ-containing space in the anterior trunk of the body that includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Term
Dorsal body cavity
Definition
Includes the cranial and spinal cavities
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
Relative uniformity of the normal body's internal enviroment
Term
Negative feedback loop
Definition
Homeostatic control system which information feeding back to the control center causes the level of a variable to be changed in the directions opposite to that of the initial stimulus
Term
Positive feedback loop
Definition
Homeostatic control system in which information feeding back to the control center causes the level of a variable to be pushed further in the direction of the original deviation, causing an amplification of the original stimulus; ordinarily this mechanism is used by the body to amplify a process and quickly finish it, as in labor contractions and blood clotting
Term
Thoracic cavity
Definition
Pertaining to the chest area of the body (upper trunk)
Term
Mediastinum
Definition
Subdivision in the midportion of the thoracic cavity
Term
Pleura
Definition
The serous membrane in the thoracic cavity
Term
Abdominal cavity
Definition
The cavity containing the abdominal organs
Term
Pelvic cavity
Definition
The lower portion of the ventral cavity; the distal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
Abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
Used to describe the single cavity containing the abdominal and pelvic organs
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
Membrane or partition that separates one thing from another; the flat muscular sheet that separates the thorax and abdomen and is a major muscle of respiration
Term
The nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
Right hypochondriac region,Epigastric region, Left hypochondriac region, Right lumbar region, Umbilical region, Left lumbar region, Right iliac (inguinal) region, Hypogastric region, Left iliac (inguinal) region
Term
Cranial cavity
Definition
Space inside the skull that contains the brain
Term
Spinal cavity
Definition
The space inside the spinal column through which the spinal cord passes
Term
Division of the abdominopelvic cavity into 4 quadrants
Definition
Right upper, Left upper, Right lower, Left lower
Term
Axial
Definition
Refers to the head, neck, and torso, or trunk of the body
Term
Appendicular
Definition
Refers to the upper and lower
Term
Atrophy
Definition
Wasting away of tissue, decrease in size of a part; sometimes referred to as disuse atrophy
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
Relative uniformity of the normal body's internal environment
Term
Effector
Definition
Responding organ; for example, voluntary and involuntary muscle, the heart, and glands
Term
Cyto-
Definition
Is a Greek combining form and denotes a relationship to a cell
Term
Sebaceous glands
Definition
Oil-producing gland found in the skin
Term
Melanoma
Definition
Malignant neoplasm (cancer) of the pigment-producing cells of the skin (melanocytes)
Term
Stratified squamous epithelium
Definition
Consists of several layers of closely packed cells, an arrangement that makes this tissue a specialist at protection
Term
Goblet cells
Definition
Specialized cells found in simple columnar epithelium that produce mucus
Term
Stratified transitional epithelium
Definition
Typically found in body areas subjected to stress and must be able to stretch. Example would be the wall of the urinary bladder
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