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Chapter 1
Communication Perspectives
39
Communication
Undergraduate 2
09/18/2012

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Term
Participants
Definition
The individuals who assume the roles of senders and receivers during an interaction
Term
Messages
Definition
The verbal utterances, visual images, and non verbal behaviors to which meaning is attributed during communication
Term
Meanings
Definition
include the thoughts in your mind as well as the interpretations you make of another's message.
Term
Symbols
Definition
words, sounds, and actions that represent specific ideas and feelings
Term
Encoding
Definition
the process of putting our thoughts and feelings into words and nonverbal cues
Term
Decoding
Definition
the process of interpreting another's message
Term
Context
Definition
the setting in which communication occurs, including what precedes and follows what is said. Context is composed of the physical, social, historical, psychological, and cultural situations in whcih a communication encounter occurs
Term
Physical context
Definition
a communication encounter's location, environmental conditions (temp, lighting, noise level), distance between communicators, seating arrangements, and time of day
Term
Social context
Definition
the nature of the relationship that exists between the participants
Term
Historical context
Definition
the background provided by previous communication episodes between the participants that influence understandings in the current encouter
Term
Psychological context
Definition
the mood and feelings each person brings to a conversation.
Someone who is usually kind is having a stressful day lashes out at a friend for no reason.
Term
Cultural context
Definition
the values, attitudes, beliefs, orientations, and underlying assumptions prevalent among people in a society. Good student in china is quiet respectful and never challenging others views. Good student in US is talkative assertive and debating.
Term
Channels
Definition
both the route traveled by the message and the means of transportation
Term
Channels cont
Definition
face to face: verbal symbols, nonverbal cues, visual images
emoticons and acronyms
Term
Physical interference
Definition
sights, sounds, and other stimuli in the environment that draw people's attention away from intended meaning.
Term
psychological interference
Definition
internal distractions based on thoughts, feelings, or emotional reactions to symbols.
Term
internal noise
Definition
thoughts and feelings that compete for attention and interfere with the communication process. Day dream
Term
semantic noise
Definition
distractions aroused by certain symbols that take our attention away from the main message. 40 year old woman in the office described as a girl in the office, you think girl is an odd description and you don't hear the rest of the story
Term
feedback
Definition
reactions and responses to messages
Term
communication setting
Definition
the different communication environments within which people interact, characterized by the number of participants and the extent to which the interaction is formal or infomal; also called communication context
Term
intrapersonal communication
Definition
the interactions that occur in a person's mind when he or she is talking with himself or herself
Term
interpersonal communication
Definition
informal interaction between two people who have an identifiable relationship with each other
Term
small group communication
Definition
two to 20 participants come together for the specific purpose of solving a problem or arriving at a decision
Term
public communication
Definition
one participant, the speaker, delivers a prepared message to a group or audience who has assembled to hear the speaker
Term
Communication purposes
Definition
1. to develop and maintain our self of self
2. to meet our social needs
3. to develop and maintain relationships
4. to exchange information
5. to influence others
Term
Communication principles
Definition
Comm has purpose
Comm is continuous
Comm is conscious
Comm is relational
Comm is guided by culture
Comm has ethical implications
COmm is learned
Term
spontaneous expressions
Definition
messages spoken without much conscious thought
Term
scripted message
Definition
phrasing learned from past encounters that we judge to be appropriate to the present situation
Term
constructed messages
Definition
messages put together with careful thought when we recognize that our known scripts are inadequate for the situations.
Term
immediacy
Definition
the degree of liking or attractiveness in a relationship
Term
control
Definition
the degree to which one participant is perceived to be more dominant or powerful
Term
culture
Definition
systems of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people. Includes a system of shared beliefs, values, symbols, and behaviors.
Term
ethics
Definition
a set of moral principles that may be help by a society, a group, or an individual
Term
ethical dilemma
Definition
a choice involving two unsatisfactory alternatives.
Term
communication competence
Definition
the impression that communicative behavior is both appropriate and effective in a given situation
Term
credibility
Definition
a perception of a speaker's knowledge, trustworthiness, and warmth
Term
social ease
Definition
communicating without appearing to be anxious or nervous.
Term
communication apprehension
Definition
fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with others
Term
Communication
Definition
The process of creating or sharing meaning in informal conversation, group interaction, or public speaking
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