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| The age-related physical, intellectual, social, and personal changes that occur throughout an individual's life time |
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| the fertilized human egg, containing 23 chromosomes from the father and 23 chromosomes from the mother |
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| The period in prenatal development from conception to implantation of the fertilized egg in the wall of the uterus. |
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| The period of prenatal development lasting from implantation to the end of the 8th week. |
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| The period of prenatal development lasting from the 9th week until birth. |
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| Environmental agents- such as disease organisms or drugs - that can potentially damage the developing embryo or fetus |
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| The period during which a person reaches sexual maturity and is potentially capable of producing offspring |
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| The period during which a woman's menstrual cycle slows down and finally stops |
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| Physically based losses in mental functioning |
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| A research design in which the same people are studied or tested repeatedly over time. |
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| A research design in which people of different ages are compared at the same time. |
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| The decline in responsiveness to a stimulus that is repeatedly presented. |
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| Mental models of the world that we use to guide and interpret our experiences |
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| The process through which we fit- or assimilate- new experiences into existing schemata. |
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| The process through which we change or modify existing schemata to accommodate new experiences |
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| Piaget's first stage of cognitive development, lasting from birth to about 2 years of age; schemata revolve around sensory and motor abilities. |
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| The ability to recognize that objects still exist when they're no longer in sight. |
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| Piaget's second stage of cognitive development, lasting from ages 2 to about 7; children begin to think symbolically but often lack the ability to perform mental operations such as conservation. |
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| Principle of Conservation |
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| The ability to recognize that the physical properties of an object remain the same despite superficial changes in the object's appearance. (Play-doh ball vs. Play-doh snake) |
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| The tendency to see the world from one's own unique perspective only; a characteristic of thinking in the pre operational period of development. |
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| Concrete Operational Period |
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| Piaget's third stage of cognitive development, lasting from ages 7 to 11. Children acquire the capacity to perform a number of mental operations but still lack the ability for abstract reasoning. |
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| Formal Operational Period |
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| Piaget's last stage of cognitive development; thought processes become adult-like, and people gain mastery over abstract thinking. |
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| The ability to distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate actions. |
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| In Kholberg's Theory, the lowest level of moral development, in which decisions about right and wrong are made primarily in terms of external consequences. |
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| In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the stage which actions are judged to be right or wrong based on whether they maintain or disrupt social order. |
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| Kohlberg's highest level of moral development, in which moral actions are judged on the basis of personal code of ethics that is general and abstract and that may not agree with societal norms. |
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| Strong emotional ties formed to one or more intimate companions. |
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| A child's general level of emotional reactivity. |
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| Gradually subjecting a child to a stressful situation and observing his or her behavior toward the parent or caregiver. This test used to classify children according to type of attachment- secure, resistant, avoid ant, or disorganized/disoriented. |
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| A sense of who one is as an individual and how well one measures up against peers. |
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| Specific patterns of behavior that are consistent with how society dictates males and females should act. |
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| Discrimination or prejudice against an individual based on physical age |
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