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Chapter 1
Basic Terminology
25
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
02/05/2011

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Term
Psychology
Definition
The study of an organism’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior and how these processes are effected by the environment, physical states, and mental states.
Term
Types of Psychologists
Definition
Clinical, Forensic, Sports, Educational, Experimental, etc…
Term
Hindsight Bias
Definition
The tendency to believe that you have foreseen the outcome once after it occurs.
Term
Survey
Definition
A type of method for collecting data or information from individuals that complete the questions themselves.
Term
Case Study
Definition
The detailed research of a subject or a few subjects in order to identify behavioral, emotional, and/or cognitive qualities that are universally true, on average in comparison of others.
Term
Naturalistic Observation
Definition
the act of studying and observing the occurring behavior without interference or intervention at all.
Term
Random Sampling
Definition
using random technique to get a sample from the population.
Term
Experiment
Definition
1) answers the question, “Does X cause Y?”, and 2) you manipulate a variable.
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
the prediction that is made based on a theory
Term
Experimental Group
Definition
the group of subjects who receive the treatment – the Independent Variable
Term
Random Assignment
Definition
using a random technique to assign subjects to either the experimental group or the control group
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
the condition that is being manipulated, an example:how much sunlight will i use for experiment for plant growth
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
the condition that is being measured, ex: how much growth plants accumulated from the independent variable.
Term
Placebo
Definition
any inert substance or condition that is thought to be able to have an effect – and does
Term
Double Blind Procedure
Definition
neither the subject nor the experimenter knows who’s getting the placebo. It controls for the placebo effect (subject) and experimenter bias (researcher), a 3rd party usually administers the experiment,(i.e. drugs)
Term
Correlation
Definition
a way to measure how associated or related two variables are.
Term
Negative Correlation
Definition
A way to measure how associated or related two variables are but is based on the negative affects such as babies that are held more tend to cry less and vice versa.
Term
Correlation Coefficient
Definition
a numerical value that indicates the strength – if any – of a correlation
Term
SQ3R Study Method
Definition
a proven method for effectively reading a textbook (READ 29 & 30)
Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review
Term
Positive Correlation
Definition
Term
Replication
Definition
the study is conducted again in the same way but using different participants. This allows us to retest the subject matter and also to find out if the results can generalize to other participants and maybe even other situations.

Read more: http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Replication#ixzz1D7BEdsp6
Term
Control Group (Control Condition)
Definition
The group of test subjects left untreated or unexposed to some procedure and then compared with treated subjects in order to validate the results of the test
Term
Theory
Definition
In essence, theories explain observable events in a meaningful way. Theories are more general explanations about behavior and events.
Term
Descriptive Study
Definition
Term
Generalizing From Vivid Cases
Definition
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