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Chapter 11 The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System, Dr. T, EU
91
Biology
Undergraduate 4
10/06/2011

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Cards

Term
Inspection
Definition
Visual examination of the external surface of the body as well as of its movements and posture. 
Term
Auscultation
Definition

Process of listening for sounds within the body, usually to sounds of thoracic or abdominal viscera, to detect some abnormal condition or to detect fetal heart sounds. 

 

(oss-kull-TAY-shun)

Term
Percussion
Definition

Use of the fintertips to tap the body lightly but sharply to determine position, size and consistency of an underlying structure and the presence fluid or pus in a cavity

 

(per-KUH-shun)

Term
Adenoids
Definition

Lymphatic tissue forming a prominence on teh wall of the recess of the nasopharynx


(ADD-eh-noydz)

Term
Alveoli
Definition

Air cells of the lungs; known as the pulmonary parenchyma (functional units of the lungs)

 

(al-vee-oh-lye)

Term
Apex
Definition

The upper portion of the lung, rising about 2.5 to 5 cm above the collarbone 

 

(AY-peks)

Term
Asymptomatic
Definition
Without symptoms
Term
Base
Definition
The lowest part of the lungs, resting on the diaphragm
Term
Bronchi
Definition

The two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs, providing the passageway for air movement

 

(BRONG-kigh)

Term
Diaphragm
Definition

The musculomembranous wall separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity. 

 

(DYE-ah-fram)

Term
Epiglottis
Definition

A thin, leaf-shaped structure located immediately posterior to the root of the tongue; covers the entrance of the larynx when the individual swallows. 

 

(ep-ih-GLOT-iss)

Term
Glottis
Definition

The sound-producing apparatus of the larynx, consisting of the two vocal folds and the intervening space (the epiglottis protects this opening). 

 

(GLOT-iss)

Term
Laryngalgia
Definition
Pain in the larynx
Term
Laryngopharynx
Definition

Lower portion of the pharynx that extends from the vestibule of the larynx (the portion just above the vocal cards) to the lowermost cartilage of the larynx


(lah-ring-go-FAIR-inks)

Term
Larynx
Definition

The enlarged upper end of the trachea below the root of the tongue; the voice box 

 

(LAIR-inks)

Term
Mediastinum
Definition

The mass of organs and tissues separating the lungs. It contains teh heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and bronchi

 

(mee-dee-ass-TYE-num)

Term
Nares
Definition

External nostrils

 

(NAIRZ)

Term
Nasopharynx
Definition

Part of the pharynx located ablove the soft palate (postnasal space). 

 

(nay-zoh-FAIR-inks)

Term
Oropharynx
Definition

Central portion of the pharynx lying between the soft palate and upper portion of teh epiglottis

 

(or-oh-FAIR-inks)

Term
Palatine Tonsils
Definition

Lymphatic tissue located in teh depression of the mucous membrane of fauces (the constricted opening leading from the mouth and the oral phyarynx) and the pharynx


(PAL-ah-tyne TON-sills)

Term
Paranasal Sinuses
Definition

Hollow areas or cavities within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity. 

 

(pair-ah-NAY-sal SIGH-nuss-ez)

Term
Parietal Pleura
Definition

Portion of the pleura that is closest to the ribs

 

(pay-RYE-eh-tal PLOO-rah)

Term
Pharynx
Definition

Passageway for air from nasal cavity to larynx and food from mouth to esophagus. Serves botht the respiratory and digestive systems; the throat. 

 

(FAIR-inks)

Term
Phrenic Nerve
Definition

The nerve known as the motor nerve to the diaphragm


(FREN-ic nerve)

Term
Pleura
Definition

The doulbe-folded membrane that lines the thoracic cavity

 

(PLOO-rah)

Term
Pleural Space 
Definition

The space that separates the visceral and parietal pleurae, which contains a small amount of fluid that acts as a lubricant to the pleural surfaces during respiration.

 

(PLOO-ral space)

Term

Pulmonary Parenchyma 

 

Definition

The functional units of the lungs (ex. the alveoli) which have very thin walls that allow for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

 

(PULL-mon-air-ee par-EN-kih-mah)

Term
Septum
Definition

A wall dividing two cavities

 

(SEP-tum)

Term
Sputum
Definition

Substance coughed up from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea that is expelled though the muoth; sputum is not the same as saliva, which is secreted by the salivary glands

 

(SPEW-tum)

Term
Thorax
Definition

The chest; that part of the body between the base of the neck and the diaphragm


(THOH-raks)

Term
Trachea
Definition

A cylinder-shaped tube lined with rings of cartilage (to keep it open) that is 4.5 in long, from teh larynx  to the bronchial tubes; the windpipe 

 

(TRAY-kee-ah)

Term
Visceral Pleura
Definition

Portion of the pleura that is the closest to the internal organs 

 

(VISS-er-al PLOO-rah)

Term
Apnea
Definition

is a temporary cessation of breating; "without breathing"

 

(AP-nee-ah)

Term
Bradypnea
Definition

Abnormally slow breathing

 

(brad-ip-NEE-ah)

Term
Cough
Definition
A forceful adn sometimes violent expiratory effort preceded by preliminary inspiration. The glotis is partially closed, the accessory muscles of expiration are brought into action, and the air is noisely expelled.
Term
Dysphonia
Definition

Difficulty in speaking; hoarseness

 

(diss-FOH-nee-ah)

Term
Dyspnea
Definition

Air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, soemtimes accompanied by pain. 

 

(disp-NEE-ah)

Term
Epistaxis
Definition

Hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed

 

(ep-ih-STAKS-is)

Term
Expectoration
Definition

The act of spitting out saliva or coughing up materials from the air passageways leading to the lungs. 

 

(ex-pek-toh-RAY-shun)

Term
Hemoptysis
Definition

is expectoration of blood arising from the oral cavity larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs

 

(hee-MOP-tih-sis)

Term
Hypercapnia
Definition

Increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

 

(high-per-KAP-nee-ah)

Term
Hypoxemia
Definition

Insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood

 

(high-pox-EE-mee-ah)

Term
Hypoxia
Definition

Deficiency of oxygen

 

(high-POX-ee-ah)

Term

Kussmaul Respiration

 

 

Definition

are a very deep, gasping type of respiration associated with severe diabetic acidosis

 

(KOOS-mowl)

Term
Orthopnea
Definition

Respiratory condition in which there is discomfort in breathing in any but erect, sitting or standing position

 

(or-THOP-nee-ah)

Term
Pleural Rub
Definition

Friction rub caused by inflammation of the pleural space

 

(PLOO-ral rub) 

Term
Rales
Definition

An abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest, produced by passage of air thorugh bronchi that contain secretion or exudate or that are constricted by spasm or a thickening of their walls, also known as crackle

 

(RALZ)

Term
Rhinorrhea
Definition

is thin, watery discharge from the nose 

 

(rye-noh-REE-ah)

Term
Rhonchi
Definition

Rales or rattleings in the throat, especially when it resembles snoring

 

(RONG-kigh)

Term
Sneeze
Definition

to expel air forcibly through the nose and mouth by spasmodic contraction of the muscles of expiration due to irritation of nasal mucosa

 

Term
Stridor
Definition

Harsh sound during respiration; high-pitched and resembling the blowing of wind, due to obstruction of air passages

 

(STRIGH-dor)

Term
Tachypnea
Definition

Abnormal rapidity of breathing

 

(tak-ip-NEE-ah)

Term
Wheeze
Definition

A whistling sound or sighing sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway 

 

(HWEEZ) 

Term
Coryza
Definition

is inflammation of the respiratry mucous membranes, known as rhinitis or the common cold. The term common cold is usually used when referring to symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. 

 

(kor-RYE-zuh)

Term
Croup
Definition

A childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, tachypnea, inspiratory stridor, and laryngeal spasm

 

(KROOP)

Term
Diphtheria
Definition

Serious infectious disease affecting the nose, pharynx, or larynx, usually resulting in sore throat, dysphonia, and fever. The disease is caused by the Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacterium, which forms a white coating over the affected airways as it multiplies. 

 

(diff-THEER-ree-uh)

Term
Laryngitis
Definition

Inflammation of the larynx, usually resulting in dysphonia (hoarseness), cough, and difficulty swallowing. 

 

(lair-in-JYE-tis)

Term
Pertussis
Definition

An acute upper respiratory infectious idsease caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacterium; "whooping cough." 

 

(per-TUH-sis)

Term
Pharyngitis
Definition

Inflammation of teh pharynx, usually resulting in sore throat.

 

(fair-in-JYE-tis)

Term
Rhinitis
Definition

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, usually resulting in obstructin of the nasal passages, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and facial pressure or pain, aslo known as coryza


(ryn-NYE-tis)

Term
Sinusitis
Definition

Inflammation of a sinus, especially a paranasal sinus 

 

(sigh-nus-EYE-tis)

Term
Tonsillitis
Definition

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils, located in the area of the oropharynx


(ton-sill-EYE-tis)

Term
Asthma
Definition
Paroxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane 
Term
Bronchiectasis
Definition

Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi, with secondary infection that usually invovles the lower portion of the lung. 

 

(brong-key-EK-tah-sis)

Term
bronchitis
Definition

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. Infection is often preceded by the common cold. 

 

(brong-KIGH-tis)

Term
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Definition

A malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi; lung cancer

 

(brong-koh-JEN-ic car-sin-OH-mah)

Term
Emphysema
Definition

A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by increase beyond the normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, either from dilation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls

 

(em-fih-SEE-mah)

Term
Empyema
Definition

Pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity (pyothorax); usually the result of a primary infecion in the lungs

 

(em-pye-EE-mah)

Term
Hyaline Membrane Disease 
Definition

Also known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the premature infant

It is severe impairment of the function of respiration in the premature newborn. This condition is rarely present in a newborn of greather than 37 weeks' gestation or in one weighing at least 5 lbs. 

 

(HIGH-ah-lighn membrane dih-ZEEZ)

Term
Influenza
Definition

A highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract transmitted by airborne droplet infection; also known as the flue. Influenza can occur in isolated cases or can be epidemic. The incubation period is usually one to three days after exposure. 

 

(in-floo-EN-zah)

Term
Lung Abscess
Definition

A localized collection of pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by white blood cells that have migrated to the area to fight infection.

 

(lung AB-sess)

Term
Pleural Effusion
Definition

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, resulting in compression of the underlying portion of the lung, with resultant dyspnea

 

(PLOO-ral eh-FYOO-zhun)

Term

Pleuritis

(pleurisy)

Definition

Inflammation of both the visceral and prietal pleura


(ploor-EYE-tis) (PLOOR-ih-see)

Term
Pneumonia
Definition

Inflammation of the lungs caused primarily primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical irritants

 

(new-MOH-nee-ah)

Term
Pneumothorax
Definition

A collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity. The air enters as the result of a perforation through the chest wall or the pleura covering the lung (visceral pleura), causing the lung to collapse 

 

(new-moh-THOH-racks)

Term
Pulmonary Edema
Definition
Swelling of the lungs caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs, either in the alveoli or the interstitial speaces. 
Term
Pulmonary Embolism
Definition

The obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus (clot) that dislodges from another location and is carried through the venous system to the vessels of the lung 

 

Term

Polmonary Heart Disease 

 

(Cor Pulmonale)

Definition

is hypertrophy of the right ventricel of the heart resulting from disorders of the lungs, pulmonary vessels, or chest wall; heart failure resulting from pulmonary disease.

 

(cor pull-mon-ALL-ee)

Term

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

(SIDS)

Definition

The completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virutally well, infant. SIDS, also known as crib death, is the most common cause of death between the second week and first year of life. 

 

 

Term
Tuberculosis
Definition

An infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis tubercle bacillus and characterized by inflammatory infiltrations, formation of tubercles, and caseous (cheeselike) necrosis in the tissues of the lungs. Other organ systems may also be infected. 

 

(too-ber-kyoo-LOH-sis)

Term
Arthracosis
Definition

is the accumulation of carbon deposits in the lungs due to breathing smoke or coal dust; also called coal worker's pneumoconiosis

 

(an-thrah-KOH-sis)

Term
Asbestosis
Definition

is a lung disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos particles 

 

(as-beh-STOH-sis)

Term
Silicosis
Definition

is a lung disease resulting from inhalation of silica (quartz) dust, characterized by formation of small nodules.

 

(sill-ih-KOH-sis)

Term
Bronchoscopy
Definition

is the examinaiton of the interior of the bronchi using a lighted, flexible tube known as a bronchoscope (or endoscope). 

 

(brong-KOSS-koh-pee)

Term
Laryngoscopy
Definition

is the examination of the interior of the larynx using a lighted, flexible tube known as a laryngoscope (or endoscope)

 

(lar-in-GOSS-koh-pee)

Term
Lung Scan
Definition
The visual imagining of the distribution of ventilatino or blood flow in teh lungs by scanning the lungs after the patient has been injected with or has inhaled radioactive material
Term
Pulmonary Function Tests
Definition

Physicians use this variety of tests to assess respiratory function

 

 

Term
Sputum Specimen
Definition

A specimen of material expectorated from the mouth. If produced after a cough, it may contain (inaddition to saliva) material from the throat and bronchi


(SPEW-tum specimen)

Term
Thoracentesis
Definition

involves the use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space


(thoh-rah-sen-TEE-SIS)

Term
Tonsillectomy
Definition

surgical removal of the palatine tonsils


(ton-sill-ECK-toh-mee)

Term
Tuberculin Skin Test (TST)
Definition

The tuberculin skin test is used to determine past or present tuberculosis infection present in the body. This is based on a positive skin reaction to the introduciton of a purified protein derivative (PPD) of the tubercle bacilli, called tuberculin, into the skin

 

(too-BER-kew-lin)

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