Term
| Signal Transduction Pathway |
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Definition
| A series of steps by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted into a specific cellular response |
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Term
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Definition
| Messenger molecules that travel only short distances |
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Term
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Definition
| In long-distance signaling, plants and animals use this chemical. |
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Term
| Cells receiving signals went through three processes |
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Definition
| Reception, transduction, response |
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Term
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Definition
| The binding between a signal molecule and a receptor molecule |
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Term
| Three main types of membrane receptors |
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Definition
| G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, ion channel receptors |
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Term
| G Protein-coupled receptor |
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Definition
| A plasma membrane receptor that work with the help of a G protein |
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Term
| Receptor tyrosine kinases |
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Definition
| Membrane receptors that attach phosphates to tyrosines. |
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Term
| Ligand-gland ion channel receptor |
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Definition
| Acts as a gate when the receptor changes shape |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer phosphates from ATP to protein, a process called phosphorylation |
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Term
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Definition
| Remove the phosphates from proteins, a process called dephosphorylation |
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Term
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Definition
| Small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecules or ions that spread through a cell by diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the most widely used second messengers |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme in the plasma membrane, converts ATP to cAMP in response to an extracellular signal |
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Term
| Inositol triphosphate (IP3), Diacylglycerol (DAG) |
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Definition
| Additional second messengers |
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Term
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Definition
| Large relay proteins to which other relay proteins are attached |
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Term
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Definition
| Programmed or controlled cell suicide |
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