Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 11 Notes
Chapter 11
17
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/13/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Signal Transduction Pathway
Definition
A series of steps by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted into a specific cellular response
Term
Local regulators
Definition
Messenger molecules that travel only short distances
Term
Hormones
Definition
In long-distance signaling, plants and animals use this chemical.
Term
Cells receiving signals went through three processes
Definition
Reception, transduction, response
Term
Ligand
Definition
The binding between a signal molecule and a receptor molecule
Term
Three main types of membrane receptors
Definition
G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, ion channel receptors
Term
G Protein-coupled receptor
Definition
A plasma membrane receptor that work with the help of a G protein
Term
Receptor tyrosine kinases
Definition
Membrane receptors that attach phosphates to tyrosines.
Term
Ligand-gland ion channel receptor
Definition
Acts as a gate when the receptor changes shape
Term
Protein kinases
Definition
Transfer phosphates from ATP to protein, a process called phosphorylation
Term
Protein phosphatases
Definition
Remove the phosphates from proteins, a process called dephosphorylation
Term
Second messengers
Definition
Small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecules or ions that spread through a cell by diffusion
Term
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Definition
one of the most widely used second messengers
Term
Adenylyl cyclase
Definition
An enzyme in the plasma membrane, converts ATP to cAMP in response to an extracellular signal
Term
Inositol triphosphate (IP3), Diacylglycerol (DAG)
Definition
Additional second messengers
Term
Scaffolding proteins
Definition
Large relay proteins to which other relay proteins are attached
Term
Apoptosis
Definition
Programmed or controlled cell suicide
Supporting users have an ad free experience!