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Chapter 11:Introduction to Genetics (vocabulary)
enriched, biology, genetics, vocab, Gregor Mendel, probability, punnet squares, mendelian genetics
23
Biology
9th Grade
02/21/2011

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Term
Genetics
Definition
the scientific study of heredity
Term
True-breeding
Definition
the ability to produce offspring identical to the producer
Term
Trait
Definition
the specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
Term
hybrid
Definition
the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Term
genes
Definition
chemical factors that determine traits
Term
alleles
Definition
one of a number of different genes
Term
probability
Definition
the likelihood that a particular event will occur
Term
punnett square
Definition
 diagram used to determine the possibile outcomes of certain genetic combinations
Term
homozygous
Definition
organisms that contain two identical alleles for a particular trait
Term
heterozygous
Definition
organisims that have two  different alleles for the same trait 
Term
gamete
Definition
specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
Term

 

phenotype

Definition
physical characterisitics of an organism
Term
genotype
Definition
the genetic make up of an organism
Term
incomplete dominance
Definition
when an alle is not completely dominant over another
Term
condominance
Definition
when both alleles contribute to the phenotype of an organism
Term
polygenic traits
Definition
traits controlled by two or more genes
Term
homologous
Definition
term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome fromt he opposite-sex parent
Term
diploid
Definition
a cell containg both sets of homologous
Term
haploid
Definition
a cell with a single set of chromosomes and genes
Term
meiosis
Definition
a process of reduction division inwhich the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the seperation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
Term
tetrad
Definition
structure containing four chromatid that formed during meiosis
Term
crossing over
Definition
process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meisosis
Term
gene map
Definition
diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome
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