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| – “Friend-of-the-court” briefs filed by interest groups to show their support in a legal action. |
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| A technique used by interest groups allowing groups of people with similar complaints to combine their grievances into a single lawsuit. |
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| Something of value that cannot be withheld from individuals in a potential group, such as clean air. |
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| Because only a few groups have enough power to influence policy, power is concentrated in a few interlocking power centers. |
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| Individuals let others work to secure a collective good and enjoy the benefit without contributing anything to the group effort. |
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| Too many groups get much of what they want, resulting in government policy that often is contradictory and lacking in direction. |
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| Organizations in which people with similar policy goals enter the political process to achieve those goals. |
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| Communication directed at a government decision-maker with the hope of influencing decisions. |
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| Olson’s Law of Large Groups |
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| The larger the group, the more difficult it will be to secure enough of the collective good to encourage participation. |
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| Interest group activities provide additional representation and compete against each other to influence political outcomes. |
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| Political Action Committee |
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| A means for groups to contribute money in elections. |
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| State law forbidding required union membership as a condition of employment. |
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| Goods a group can restrict to members. |
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| Uncompromising groups with very narrow interests. |
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| “Iron triangles” of interest groups, government agencies and congressional committees that perform mutually beneficial services at public expense. |
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