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Chapter 11 Intelligence
N/A
45
Psychology
12th Grade
01/31/2011

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Term
Intelligence Test
Definition
A method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.
Term
Mental Age
Definition
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8 year old is said to have a mental age of 8.
Term
Stanford-Binet
Definition
the widely used american revision (by Terman at Stanford University)of Binet's original intelligence test.
Term
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Definition
defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.
Term
Intelligence
Definition
mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Term
Factor Analysis
Definition
a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score.
Term
General Intelligence
Definition
a general intelligence factor that spearman and others beleived underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
Term
Savant Syndrome
Definition
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
Term
emotional intelligence
Definition
the ability to percieve, express, understand and regulate emotions.
Term
creativity
Definition
the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
Term
aptitude test
Definition
a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
Term
achievement test
Definition
a test designed to assess what a person has learned.
Term
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Definition
The WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and non verbal tests
Term
standardization
Definition
Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested "standardization group"
Term
Normal Curve
Definition
the symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes.
Term
Reliability
Definition
The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting.
Term
Validity
Definition
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
Term
Content Validity
Definition
The extent to which a test samples th ebehavior that is of interest (driving test that samples driving tasks)
Term
criterion
Definition
the behavior that a test is designed to predict; thus, the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity
Term
Predictive validity
Definition
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.
Term
Mental Retardation
Definition
A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score below 70 and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life;varies from mild to profound.
Term
Down Syndrome
Definition
a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup.
Term
Stereotype Threat
Definition
a self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
Term
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
Definition
French Psychologists who developed an objective test to identify children who are likely to have trouble in certain classes. studied mental age. Binet leaned towards environmental explanation.
Term
Lewis Terman
Definition
Stanford University proffessor who developed the Stanford-Binet intelligence test that measured IQ
Term
Charles Spearman
Definition
helped develop factor analysis, beleived there is a general intelligence.
Term
L.L. Thurstone
Definition
beleived in primary mental abilities; went against Spearman. intelligence come sin different packages. non-general
Term
Howard Gardner
Definition
saw that brain damage inhibits some abilities but not others. supported Thurstone. studied savants. we have multiple intelligences
Term
Robert Sternberg
Definition
agrees with Gardner's multiple intelligences idea. distinguished among analytical (problem solving), creative (reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas) and practical intelligence (required for every day tasks)
Term
Nancy Cantor and John Kilstrom
Definition
first called social intelligence the know how to react in social situations.
Term
Seynour Epstein and Petra Meier
Definition
called it emotional intelligence
Term
Mayer, Salovey, and david Caruso
Definition
recently developed a multifactor emotional intelligence scale.. 3 factors:percieve emotions, understand emotions and regulate emotions.
Term
Pierre de Fermat
Definition
seventeenth century genius, demonstrated creativity in mathematical situations.
Term
Andrew Wiles
Definition
Princeton Mathematician
Term
Characteristics of a creative person
Definition
Expertise, IMaginative thinking skills, a venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, a creative environment
Term
Franz Gall
Definition
Phrenologist that realized human intelligence surpasses animal intelligence because the human cortex is more developed. correlation to head size and intelligence score.
Term
Sandra Witelson
Definition
Studied Einstein's brain
Term
David Wechsler
Definition
developed test for adult as well as school-age child intelligence
Term
James Flynn
Definition
calculated magnitude of the effect of college entrance exams dropping but intelligence test scores improving
Term
J. McVicker Hunt
Definition
Psychologist who observed the dramatic effects of early experiences and demonstrated the impact of early intervention. testified to the importance of environment.
Term
Stephen Ceci and Wendy Williams
Definition
schooling and intelligence contribute to each other.
Term
Charles Murray and Richard Herrnstein
Definition
studied black-white intelligence differences.
Term
David Geary and Irwin Silverman
Definition
speculate that skills in navigating route from our ancestors; an evolutionary perspective.
Term
Robert Rosenthal and Judith Hall
Definition
studied emotional detection
Term
Claude Steele, Steven Spencer, and Joshua Aronson
Definition
observed stereotype threats
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