Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid that fills the space b/w cells (extracellular) |
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Definition
| Fluid found in blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
There is equal osmotic pressure to the contents of a cell
-a cell in an isotonic solution neither gains nor loses water |
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Definition
| A solution that contains enough solute that it will draw water out of a cell placed in it |
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Definition
| A solution that contains so little solute that a cell placed in it will absorb water |
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Term
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Definition
Reduction in the volume of the intravascular fluid
-heart can't pump blood effectively=heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
Cellular dehydration caused by an increase in the osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid
-drives organism to drink |
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Term
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Definition
Neurons that detect changes in solute concentration
-changes in size causes changes in activity
-in the hypothalamus (SFO and OVLT)- detect increased osmotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by hypovolemia
-occurs when volume of the blood plasma decreases
-caused by loss of blood, vomiting, etc.
-results in thirst for water and a "salt appetite" |
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Term
| Volumetric thirst is caused by 2 sets of receptors that are located where? |
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Definition
-Kidneys (control angiotension)
-Heart and large blood vessels (atrial baroreceptors) |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that constricts blood vessels and causes retention of sodium and water (salt appetite) |
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Term
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Definition
Hormone secreted by kidneys
-converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin |
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Term
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Definition
Stretch receptors in the atria of the heart
-more blood = more stretched |
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Term
| What is stored in short term-storage and where? |
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Definition
Carbohydrates
-liver and muscles |
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Term
| What is stored in long-term storage and where? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Hormone in pancreas that lets glucose and amino acids into the cell
-converts glucose into glycogen |
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Term
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Definition
Short-term storage of nutrients
-stored in liver and muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone that converts glygogen back into glucose |
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Term
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Definition
The form of fat storage in adipose cells
-1 molecule of glycerol + 3 fatty acids |
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Term
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Definition
Made when breaking down triglycerides
-liver converts it into glucose |
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Term
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Definition
Made when triglycerides are broken down
-Metabolized by most cells of the body except for the brain |
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Term
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Definition
The phase of metabolism when nutrients are not available from the digestive system
-glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids are derived during this phase |
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Term
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Definition
The phase of metabolism when nutrients are absorbed from the digestive system
-glucose and amino acids are the main source of energy for cells during this phase
-excess nutrients are stored in adipose tissue in the form of triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
A fall in the level of glucose available to cells
-can be caused by hypoglycemia or injection of insulin |
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Term
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Definition
A fall in the level of fatty acids available to cells
-caused by drugs that inhibit fatty acid metabolism |
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Term
| Where are the 2 sets of detectors located for monitoring level of metabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The vein that transports blood from the digestive system to the liver |
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Term
| What gastric factor is involved in ending a meal? |
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Definition
Stomach
-contains receptors that detect the presence of nutrients (not just distention) |
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Term
| What 2 intestinal factors are involved in ending a meal? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
First part of the small intestine, attached to the stomach
-secretes CCK: a hormone that provides a satiety signal to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| A peptide released by the gastrointestinal system after a meal in an amount proportional to the size of a meal |
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Term
| What liver factor is involved in ending a meal? |
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Definition
| Receptors that detect nutrients and send signals to your brain |
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Term
| What role does insulin have in the absorption phase of metabolism? |
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Definition
The brain contains receptors that respond to insulin
-might be a satiety signal (obese mice) |
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Term
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Definition
A hormone secreted by adipose tissue
-decreases food intake
-increases metabolic rate |
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Term
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Definition
| A strain of mice whose obesity is caused by a lack of the production of leptin |
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Term
| If you lesion/stimulate the lateral hypothalamus (LH), what would happen? |
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Definition
Lesion: won't eat
Stimulate: eat |
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Term
| Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) |
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Definition
| NT found in the LH that stimulates appetite and reduces metabolic rate |
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Term
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Definition
| NT found in the LH that stimulates appetite and reduces metabolic rate |
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Term
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Definition
NT found in the arcuate nucleus that:
-stimulates feeding
-stimulates insulin secretion
-decreases breakdown of triglycerides
-decreases body temperature |
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Term
| Infusions of NPY into the hypothalamus do what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Injections of NPY receptor blockers into the hypothalamus do what? |
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Definition
| Suppresses eating caused by food deprivation |
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Term
| Agouti-related peptide (AGRP) |
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Definition
| A peptide that is a strong and long-lasting stimulant of eating |
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Term
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Definition
A peptide that increases eating
-in stomach and brain |
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Term
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Definition
Contains NPY-secreting neurons involved in feeding and control of metabolism
-controls the anterior pituitary gland
-located in the hypothalamus |
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Term
| Paraventricular nucleus (PVN) |
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Definition
Contains neurons involved in the control of the:
-autonomic nervous system
-posterior pituitary gland
-located in the hypothalamus |
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Term
| Ventromedial hypothalamus |
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Definition
| Plays a role in controlling the cessation of eating |
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