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| Most common - cling to neurons and their synaptic ending,and cover nearby capillaries, supporing and bracing the neurons and anchoring them to their nutrient supply lines, the blood capillaries. control chemical environment around neurons, where their most important job is mopping up leaked potassium ions and recapturing relased neurotransmitters. |
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| small ovoid with long thorny process. Where invading microorganisms or dead neurons are present, transforms into a special type of macrophage that phagocytizes, or eats, the microorganism and neuronal debris. |
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| Wrapping garment. Beating cilia helps to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and spinal cord. |
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| have fewer processes, produce insulated coverings myelin sheaths, which myelinate several axons. Schwann cells are functionally similiar Myelinates the nerve fibers of the CNS |
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| excitatory, some autonomic endings, not a biogenic amines, its role is to destroy Ach a brief period after its release by the axonal ending. |
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the period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus.
Book: The neuron's threshold is elevated because repolarization is ongoing. |
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| Absolute refractory period |
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Definition
Period when a neuron cannot respond to another stimulus because it is already generating an Action Potentional.
"no matter how strong" from the opening of the Na+ channels until the Na+ channels begin to rest to their original resting state. It ensures that each AP is separate all or none , enforces one way transmission of the AP |
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| Relative refactory period |
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Definition
| what period? exceptionally strong stimulus can reopen the Na+ channels |
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| is not a structural feature of a neuron |
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| what tract? bundles of neuron processes |
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| where neurotransmitters are released, convey incoming messages toward the cell body |
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| conducts impulses away from th nerve cell body |
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| between axon ending of one neuron and cell bodies (soma) of other neurons. Graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons |
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| Type of synapse that is far and more abundant in embryonic nervous tissue |
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| prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another |
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| does not occur because of presence of salt around the neuron. Made possible by the myelin sheath. |
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| clings/glues and makes the chemical environment functional. |
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| All gates closed (what state?) |
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| What phase? Na+channels open so that cell interior becomes progressively less negative. Inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. |
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| Phase where the membrane permeability to Na+ declines to resting levels and K+ ions open |
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| contains less sodium, what type of charge? |
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| When is voltage measured? |
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| between two points and may be called the potential between two points. |
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| a single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium |
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Definition
| What will happen occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane? |
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| can be generated by virtually all cells of the body because all cells possess cell membranes |
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| What is essential for impulse progagation? |
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| What is it called when a nerve impulse is transmitted |
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| are crucial for development of nerve connections. |
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| the point which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell. |
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| associated with hyperpolarization |
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| in CNS are organized into function groups |
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| found in the retina of the eye |
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| What system? INVOLUNTARY consists of visceral motor nerve fibers that regulate the activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glands, not skeletal muscles. |
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| What system? has two functional divisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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| peptide transmitters that acts like morphine. |
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| Sensory Afferent Division |
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| somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers, conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS |
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| Motor (efferent) Division |
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| motor nerve fibers, conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands) |
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| somatic motor (voluntary) conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles |
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| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) |
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| What system? visceral motor (involuntary) conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles and glands. |
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| Sympathetic Division of the ANS |
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| What division? mobilizes body systems during activity. |
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| parasympathetic Divsion (ANS) |
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| What division? promotes housekeeping functions during rest and conserves energy |
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