Term
| signal transduction pathway |
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Definition
| process by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted into a specific cellular response |
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Definition
| substance that influences cells in the vicinity |
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| chemicals that are released into the circulatory system to travel to distant target cells |
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| small molecule that binds to a larger one, usually to a receptor on the cell surface |
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Term
| G protein linked receptor |
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Definition
| plasma membrane receptor that works with the help of a G protein |
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Definition
| loosely attached to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane, functions as a switch. When GDP is bound=off. When GTP is bound = active |
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| enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to the amino acid tyrosine on a substrate protein |
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| tyrosine-kinase receptors |
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Definition
| membrane receptors that attach phosphates to protein kinases |
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Term
| ligand gated ion channels |
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Definition
| protein pores in the plasma membrane that open or close in response to a chemical signal, thus allowing or blocking the flow of specific ions such as Ca+2 or Na+1 |
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| enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein |
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Definition
| enzymes that remove phosphate groups from proteins |
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Definition
| small,nonprotein, water soluble molecules or ions (Ca+2 or cAMP) |
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| second messenger, involved in epinephrine breakdown of glucagon) |
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| enzyme built into the plasma membrane that converts ATP to cAMP in response to epinephrine binding to a receptor protein |
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Definition
| second messenger, produced by the cleavage of phospholipid in plasma membrane |
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Term
| inositol triphoshpate (IP3) |
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Definition
| second messenger, produced by the cleavage of phospholipid in plasma membrane |
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Definition
| calcium ion binding protein present in high levels in eukaryotic cells; changes shape when calcium binds to it then binds to other proteins and activates or deactivates them |
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