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| The framers of the Constitution concieved of Congress as |
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| the center of policymaking in America |
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.Members of Congress recieve substantial slaray and perquisies
.Despite the salaries, the perks, and the thousands of staff members, Congress is relatively inexpensive |
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| those already holding office |
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| The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) |
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.employs more than 230 people
.principal focus is on analyzing the president's budge and making economic projections about the performance of the economy, the costs of proposed policies, and the economic effects of taxing and spending alternatives. |
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| a proposed law, drafted in precise, legal language. |
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| takes place between elections and takes the form of contact with constituents |
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involves personal and district service.
.Examples are casework and pork barrel |
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| helps constituents as individuals, such as cutting through bureaucratic red tape |
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| expenditures on federal projects, grants, and contracts for cities, business colleges, and institutions. |
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.matters of public policy when they vote on issues and when they respond to constituents' questions about where they stand on issues.
. The positions they take may make a difference in the outcome of an election, especially if the issues are on matters salient to voters and their stands are out of line with those of a majority of their constituents |
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.the most important influencers of the committe agenda
.schedule hearings
.hire staff
.appoint subcommittees
.mangage committe bills when they are brought before the full House |
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| the member of the majority party with the longest tenure on the fcommittee would automatically be selected |
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.handled primarily through hearings
.Members of committees constantly monitor how a bill is implemented |
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| a grouping of members of Congress sharing some interest or characteristic, such as the Black Caucucus. |
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| Congressional Research Service (CRS) |
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.Administered by the Library of Congress.
.The CRS employs nearly 750 reasearches, many with advanced degrees and highly developed expertise |
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| The General Accounting Office (GAO) |
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| .with more than 3,500 employees, helps Congress perform its oversight functions by reviewing the activities of the executive brach to see if it is following the congressional intent of laws and by investigationg the efficiencya and effectiveness of policy implemention. |
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| permanent subject-matter committees, formed to handle bills in different policy area. |
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| are study committees that existin in a few policy areas, with membership drawn from both the Senate and the House |
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formed to work out the differences when different versions of a bill are passed by the two Houses.
.Membership is drawn from both houses |
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| temporary committees appointed for a specific ("selet"0 purpose, such as the Senate selct committe that looked into Watergate. |
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| the process of monitoring the bureaucracy and its administration of policy-is one of the checks Congress can exercise on the executive branch |
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.The Speaker's principal partisan ally
.Rounding up votes on party legislation
.Scheduling bills in the House |
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Work with the majorit leader to round
.report the views and
.complaints of the party rank-and-file back to the leadrship |
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aided by the majority whips-is the postition of real power and authority in the Sneate.
.Rounds up votes
.Schudules the floor action
.Influences committee assignments |
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| A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President |
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.one divided into two houses
.The framers of the Constituiton thought the Senate would protect elite interest |
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| reviews most bills coming from a House commitee before they go the full house. |
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| is second after the vice president in line to succeed a president who resigns, dies in office, or is impeached |
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