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ch 10 vocabulary DC
ch 10 DC
30
Biology
10th Grade
04/01/2014

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Term
translation
Definition
process of assembling polypeptides
Term
nitrogen containing base
Definition
a molecule containing nitrogen
Term
promoter
Definition
a specific region of DNA that marks the beginning of a DNA chain to be transcribed
Term
ribose
Definition
the sugar molecule for RNA
Term
replication fork
Definition
the seperation point for two nucleotide chains
Term
deoxyribose
Definition
a sugar molecule for DNA
Term
pyrimidine
Definition
nitrogenous bases that have only ONE RING of carbon and nitrogen atoms
Term
mutation
Definition
a change in the sequence of nucleotides at a location
Term
helicase
Definition
enzyme that separates the DNA chain
Term
rRNA
Definition
the most common form of RNA with a globe shap
Term
uracil
Definition
a nitrogen base found in RNA that is not in DNA
Term
double helix
Definition
the shape of DNA molecule
Term
RNA polymerase
Definition
the RNA enzyme that transcribes copies of DNA
Term
Genetic Code
Definition
a combination of 3 mRNA nucleotides
Term
start codon
Definition
AUG tells a ribosome to begin translation of an mRNA
Term
termination signal
Definition
a sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene
Term
complementary base rules
Definition
rules that state that cytosine bonds with guanine and adenine bonds with thymine
Term
purine
Definition
notrogenous base with 2 RINGS of carbon and nitrogen
Term
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Definition
nitrogen bases in DNA
Term
Codon
Definition
pairs of bases
Term
stop codon
Definition
codons that cause the ribosome to stop TRANSLATION
Term
translation
Definition
the sequence of nueleotides in correlation to the amino-acid sequence
Term
mRNA
Definition
RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytosol
Term
transcription
Definition
copying the genetic information from DNA to RNA
Term
tRNA
Definition
cross shaped RNA
Term
virulent strain
Definition
one that causes disease
Term
transformation
Definition
the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another cell or one organism to another
Term
bacteriophage
Definition
a virus that infects bacteria
Term
complementary base pair
Definition
pair of nitrogenous bases connected to each other by hydrogen bonds (adenine/thymine; cytosine/guanine)
Term
nitrogenous base
Definition
base in DNA containing nitrogen and carbon
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