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Chapter 10 Vocab Cards
AP Government Chapter 10 vocabulary terms and definitions straight from the book.
18
Social Studies
12th Grade
12/12/2013

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Term
Australian Ballot
Definition
An electoral format the presents the names of all the candidates for any given office on the same ballot.
Term
Electoral College
Definition
The presidential electors from each state who meet in their respective state capitals after the popular election to cast ballots for president and vice president.
Term
Gerrymandering
Definition
The apportionment of voters in dsitricts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one political party.
Term
Plurality Rule
Definition
A type of electoral system in which victory goes to the individual who gets the most votes in an election, but not necessarily a majority of the votes cast.
Term
Majority Rule
Definition
A type of electoral system in which, to win a seat in a representative body, a candidate must receive a majority (50% +1) of all the votes cast in the relevant district.
Term
Proportional Representation (PR)
Definition
A multiple-member-district system that allows each political party representation in proportion to its percentage of the vote.
Term
Duverger's Law
Definition
Law of politics, formalized by Maurice Duverger, stating that plurality-rule electoral systems will tend to have two political parties.
Term
Referendum
Definition
A measure propossed or passed by a legislature that is referred to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection.
Term
Initiative
Definition
A process by which citizens may petition to place a policy proposal on the ballot for public vote.
Term
Recall
Definition
The removal of a public official by popular vote.
Term
Issue Voting
Definition
An individual's propensity to select candidates or parties based on the extent to which the individual agrees with one candidate more than others on specific issues.
Term
Prospective Voting
Definition
Voting based on the imagined future performance of a candidate.
Term
Retrospective Voting
Definition
Voting based on the past performance of a candidate.
Term
Spatial Issue
Definition
An issue for which a range of possible options or policies can be ordered, say, from liberal to conservative or from most exoensive to least expensive.
Term
Median-Voter Theorem
Definition
A proposition predicting that when policy options can be arrayed along a single dimension, majority rule will pick the policy most preferred by the voter whose ideal policy is to the left of half of the voters and to the right of exactly half the voters.
Term
Valence Issue
Definition
An issue or aspect of a choice for which all voters prefer a higher value, in contrast to a spatial issue.
Term
Political Action Committee (PAC)
Definition
A private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns.
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