Term
Figurative language is developed by school aged children; it primarily includes which of the following:
a.) Similes, proverbs and idioms
b.) Metonyms and metaphors
c.) A and B
d.) A only
e.) B only
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Definition
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Term
| T/F An event cast narrative is a story told about past occurrences |
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Definition
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Term
“Are those cookies? I like cookies!” Spoken by a four year old child is an example of…
a.) Metaphoric transparency
b.) Figurative language
c.) Indirect request
d.) Taxonomic knowledge |
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Definition
| C. Indirect Request (pg 330) |
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Term
1) At what age can a child know the right hand from the left but can not translate that to another person?
a.3
b.5
c.6 |
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Definition
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Term
1) At what age can a child know the right hand from the left but can not translate that to another person?
a.3
b.5
c.6 |
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Definition
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Term
Decentration is the ability to take the perspective of another person.
True/False |
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Definition
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Term
Derivational suffixes are:
a. keep the same word class
b. change the word class
c. none |
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Definition
| b.change the word class p.340 |
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Term
In what two ways does the ability to define words progress?
a. From definitions based on experience to more socially shared meanings
b. From definitions alone
c. Moving syntactically from single-word action definitions to sentences
d. Using Syntax for clues to word meaning
E. Both A and C
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Definition
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Term
"Chunking" semantically related information into categories is used for memory
True or False
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Definition
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Term
Children shift in linguistic processing from
a. reliance on surface to reliance on deep strategies
b. reliance on contextual to reliance on deep strategies
c. reliance on deep strategies to reliance on surface
d. reliance on surface to reliance on contextual
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Definition
| a. reliance on surface to reliance on deep strategies |
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Term
Preschool children tend to make judgment of utterance acceptability based on the _______ rather than on the ___________.
A. sound / production
B. content / grammatical structure
C. situation/ whole
D. production / sound
E. grammatical structure / content
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Definition
| B. content / grammatical structure |
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Term
Children use about and equal number of reversible and nonreversible passives.
A. True
B. False
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Definition
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Term
Children comprehend noun phrases ___________
A. at the same rate as verb phrases
B. sooner than verb phrases
C. after verb phrases
D. at a 15:1 rate when compared to verb phrases |
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Definition
| B. sooner than verb phrases |
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Term
1. _______ is an explanation of some current or anticipated event and may be used to direct others in imaginative play sequences.
A. Accounts
B. Recount
C. Eventcasts
D. Stories
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Definition
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Term
2. _____ are explanations of the complete episode or contain multiple episodes.
A. Complete episodes
B. Complex episodes
C. Interactive episodes
D. Abbreviated episodes
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Definition
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Term
3. Which is not used during linguistic processing
A. Surface
B. Pragmatic
C. Deep
D. Contextual
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Definition
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Term
1. The brain is nearly adult size by age and development is not complete
True
False
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Definition
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Term
2. The area of most dramatic growth during school-age and adult years is _________
a) Language
b) Inferred reality
c) Pragmatics
d) Both a & b
e) Both a & c
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Definition
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Term
3. ________ reflect the storyteller’s experience
a) Narratives
b) Eventcast
c) Accounts
d) All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
1.) An inference about a problem based on appearances and internal information is which of the following?
a.) Transformational Thought
b.) Decentration
c.) Inferred Reality
d.) None of the above |
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Definition
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Term
2.) T/F- Indirect requests become part of a child’s pragmatic development after direct requests.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
3.) Code switching happens most frequently in which of the following?
a.) Narratives
b.) Interviews
c.) Conversations
d.) None of the Above |
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Definition
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Term
1.) __________ is the ability to take the perspective of another person.
a. World knowledge
b. Nonegocentrism
c. Decentration
d. None of the above
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Definition
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Term
2.) The following are genres:
a. stories
b. recounts
c. accounts
d. all of the above
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Definition
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Term
3.) True or False: Children learn about narratives within their homes and language communities.
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Definition
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Term
1. In response to a request by an adult for information, a child will deliver ______.
A. an account
B. a recount
C. a story
D. an event cast
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Definition
|
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Term
2. ToM is closely related to the development of which
cognitive ability?
A. Centering
B. Generalization
C. Nonegocentrism
D. Decentration
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Definition
|
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Term
3. _______ knowledge is related to a general ability to
interpret figurative language.
A. World
B. Word
D. Lexical
E. Grammatical |
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Definition
|
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Term
| T/F By graduation from high school a young adult may understand as many as 80,000 words as part of their semantic development. |
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Definition
True: Chapter 10, slide #34
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Term
_____________ are dialogs that accompany familiar routines in the child’s everyday environment.
A. Plans
B. Scripts
C. Stories
D. Accounts |
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Definition
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Term
_____________ are dialogs that accompany familiar routines in the child’s everyday environment.
A. Plans
B. Scripts
C. Stories
D. Accounts |
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Definition
B. Scripts, Chapter 10, slide #16
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Term
_____________ is when a child first adds features that are common to adult definition which is part of semantic development.
A. Story grammar
B. Slow mapping
C. Fast mapping
D. Decentration |
|
Definition
B. Slow mapping, Chapter 10, Slide #35
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Term
True or False. As a child moves syntactically from single-word actions to sentences expressing complex relationships may play a part in progress during the early school years?
|
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Definition
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Term
_______ is the extent of the literal-figuerative relationship.
|
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Definition
| B. Metaphoric transparency |
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Term
Passive sentences are troublesome for english-speaking children due to _________.
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Definition
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Term
| The 5‐year‐old can tell stories, has a budding sense of humor, and can tease and discuss emotions; however, by age 12 cognitive and language abilities almost equal those of a/an _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| An 8‐year‐old’s topics are ____________; sustained ____________ discussions emerge around age 11. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
True/False: The early school age child’s peers, especially same‐gender peers become very important.
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Definition
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Term
| 1. True or False The temporal concept of periodicity develops after the locative. |
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Definition
True, bottom pg 332, slide 36 related by “spatial”
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Term
| 2. The word ambiguities of “there, their, and they’re” are resolved by |
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Definition
c. declarative forms. pg 334, slide 40
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Term
| 3. Of the four genres of narratives which, by definition, includes a problem or challenge? |
|
Definition
d. stories, pg 320, slide 14 and 15
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Term
1.Which of the following is NOT a component of story grammar:
A.Setting statement
B.Initiating event
C.Internal Plan
D.Character heightening
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Definition
D.Character heightening (Table on Page 324)
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Term
| 2.The narrative stories of African American children are seemingly ____________ in comparison to the narrative stories of European American children because they reflect the cultural expectation of African Americans for multi-event tales performed for enjoyment. |
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Definition
C.less organized (Page 326)
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Term
3.In semantic development, a child progresses from definitions based on socially shared meaning to definitions based more on experience.
|
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Definition
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Term
T/F By school age, most children can produce deictic terms (here, there) correctly.
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Definition
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Term
__________ is the ability to take the perspective of another person.
A) Theory of Mind
B) Nonegocentrism
C) Egocentrism
D) Decentration
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Definition
B) Nonegocentrism, book, 320
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Term
When do metalingistic abilities emerge?
A) after a child has mastered a linguistic form.
B) it is innate in children.
C) after a child has mastered cognitive development.
D) when reading ability has increased.
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Definition
A) after a child has mastered a linguistic form.
book 352 |
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Term
1) Over half of the variance in school-age children's conversational skill can be accounted for by ________ effects.
a) genetic
b) age-related
c) environmental
d) generational
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Definition
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Term
Figurative language enables the use of language in a truly creative way.
True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3) "A little furry cat" is an example of which type of noun phrase?
a) article + descriptor + adjective + noun
b) article + adjective + adjective + noun
c) article + preposition + descriptior + noun
d) article + adjective + descriptor + noun
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|
Definition
b) article + adjective + adjective + noun
Page 341 |
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|
Term
1. The ability to take the perspective of another person is known as _______.
A. Nonegocentrism
B. Decentration
C. Eventcase
D. Recount
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|
Definition
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|
Term
2. ___________ are highly individualized spontaneous narratives in which children share their experiences and thus are not reporting information requested by adults.
A. Eventcast
B.Stories
C. Accounts
D. Recount
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|
Definition
|
|
Term
Idioms such as 'hold your tongue', are not metaphorically transparent.
True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. By age 12, a child’s cognitive and language abilities equal that of:
a. a teenager
b. an adult
c. a child
d. his or her peers
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. Story grammar typically consists of the:
a. setting
b. episode structure
c. reaction
d. both a & b
|
|
Definition
d. both a & b. (slide 20)
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|
Term
3. As children get older, their use of style-switching becomes more pronounced.
True or False |
|
Definition
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|
Term
1. _________ is the process of moving from rigid, one-dimensional descriptions of objects and events to coordinated, multiattributional ones.
a. reccount
b. accounts
c. decentration
d. stories
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|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. The _______ tells about past experiences.
a. eventcast
b. account
c. recount
d. story
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3. Metaphoric transparency is the extent of the literal-figurative relationship.
True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1) By what age is the child aware of their body?
a. 7
b. 13 when puberty hits
c. 5
d. There is no particular age it just happens
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The child knows cause and effect by age 5.
True or False
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|
Definition
|
|
Term
3) How does a child manipulate others
a. Language
b. Emotions
c. Pragmatics
d. Word play
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|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. _______ are highly individualized spontaneous narratives in which children share their experiences and are not simply reporting information requested by adults.
a.stories
b.scripts
c.eventcasts
d.accounts
e.none of the above |
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Definition
|
|
Term
2.Taxonomies are categories of objects that share a common essence, such as trees or tools.
True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3.By high school graduation, a young adult may understand as many as:
a. 10,00
b.40,000
c.80,000
d.50,000 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1. The early school-age years are characterized by growth in all aspects of language, although the development of ______ and ______ seems to be the most prevalent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. The brain is nearly adult in size by the age ______, but development is not complete.
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3. Decentration is the ability to take the perspective of another person.
True or False |
|
Definition
| False, that is nonegocentrism |
|
|
Term
Pragmatic Development
Q1) The ability to take the perspective of another person is termed as?
a) Decentration
b) Nonegocentrim
c) Transformational
d) Objective
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|
Definition
|
|
Term
Semantic Development
Q2) True or False
The ability to define a childs word progression, is if the child can express themselves in a socially shared conversation with meaning?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Semantic Developmemt
Q3) The extent of the literal-figuative relationship of a child affecting interpretation is called?
|
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Definition
| c) metaphoric transparency |
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Term
One of the four major cognitive developments between the age of 7 and 11 is transformational thought. This is defined as:
A. an inference about a problem based on appearances and internal information
B. the ability to consider several aspects of a physical problem at once
C. the ability to recognize that change can be undone of reversed
D. viewing a problem as existing in time and anticipating consequences
|
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Definition
| D. viewing a problem as existing in time and anticipating consequences |
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Term
Decentration is moving from rigid, _______ descriptions to coordinated, ________ ones. This allows partners to recognize that there are many dimensions and perspectives to a topic.
A. recounting, descriptive
B. spontaneous, narrative
C. one-dimensional, multi-attributional
D. none of the above
|
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Definition
| C. one-dimensional, multi-attributional |
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Term
| True or False: By the time most children in the U.S. begin school, they are familiar with all forms of narration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. _______ enable a child to recognize that change can be undone or reversed.
a) decentration
b) reversible mental operations
c) transformational thought
d) inferred reality |
|
Definition
| b) reversible mental operations |
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Term
2. Of the four basic narrative types, which best characterizes the following narrative: "You be the mommy and I'll be the daddy. I"m going to drive us to the store"
a) recount
b) accounts
c) eventcast
d) story
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Definition
c) eventcast (p 320 defines the narrative types)
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Term
3. T/F Dialogues that accompany familiar routines in a child's everyday environment are called scripts.
|
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Definition
|
|
Term
1. Recounts refer to when children _________.
a. give an explanation of some current or anticipated event
b. tell highly individualized spontaneous narratives in which they share their experiences
c. talk about past experiences in which the child participated or observed
d. tell narratives that are fictionalized with seemingly endless content variation
|
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Definition
| c. talk about past experiences in which the child participated or observed |
|
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Term
2. An example of a metaphorically transparent idiom would be ________.
a. to beat a dead horse
b. to fly the coup
c. bite your tongue
d. fit as a fiddle
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|
Definition
|
|
Term
3. T/F Passive forms are easier for children to learn in non-Indo-European languages, such as Inuktitut, Sesotho, and Quiche Mayan.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
There are four major cognitive developments between the ages of 7 and 11. One of them is the ability to consider several aspects of a physical problem at once. This is called _____.
a. inferred reality
b. decentration
c. transformational thought
d. reversible mental operations |
|
Definition
b. decentration. (Descriptions of each of these cognitive developments can be found on the bottom of page 318)
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Term
Which of the following indicates semantic sophistication and depth of understanding?
a. semantic classes
b. the size of a child’s lexicon
c. synonyms homonyms and antonyms
d. a and b
e. a and c |
|
Definition
e. a and c. An explanation can be found towards the top of page 332.
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Term
The following is an example of which type of narrative? We got up early on Christmas morning. We lighted a tree. We opened gifts.
a. Descriptive sequences
b. Reaction sequences
c. Action sequences
d. Abbreviated episodes
e. Complete episodes |
|
Definition
c. Action sequences. (Explanations of each type of episode can be found on pages 323 and 325.)
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Term
Transformational thought is
a. Viewing a problem as existing in time and anticipating consequences
b. An inference about a problem based on appearances
c. Considering several aspects of a problem at5 once
d. The ability to perceive others’ intentions
|
|
Definition
| a. Viewing a problem as existing in time and anticipating consequences |
|
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Term
T/F: The development of Theory of Mind helps to break down egocentrism.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of narrative tells about past experiences?
a. Eventcast
b. Account
c. Story
d. Recount
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Idiom learning is associated with familiarity and with reading and listening comprehension skills.
True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. _________ development is characterized by gradual increase in the length and complexity.
a) Syntactic
b) Pragmatic
c) Morphologic
d) Phonologic
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3. Interrogative forms are ____ difficult than declaratives, and negative forms are ____ difficult than positive forms.
a) more, less
b) more, more
c) less, more
d) less, less
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a.) the ability to take the perspective of another person
pg. 320
|
|
|
Term
| 2.) Two types of narrative genres are (pick two): |
|
Definition
a.) Recount & d.) Story
pg 320
|
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|
Term
3.) T or F: Story grammar encompasses the components and rules that form a narrative framework.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. True or False: the area of most dramatic linguistic growth during the school-age and adult years is language form.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. Recount, eventcast, accounts, and stories are all apart of which type of story telling:
a. event script
b. narratives
c. autobiographies
d. conversational story telling
e. none of the above
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Definition
|
|
Term
3. In conversation a school-aged child is able to
a. sustain a topic through several turns
b. introduce a topic
c. close a topic or switch the topic
d. all of the above
e. A and B
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|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. T/F: The area of most dramatic linguistic growth during the school-age years is pragmatics.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. A _________ type of narrative tells about past experience in which a child participated or observed or about which a child read and is usually requested by an adult.
A. Story
B. Account
C. Recount
D. Restory
E. Eventcast
|
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Definition
|
|
Term
3. Successful communication rests on the participants’ knowledge of _______, ________, and __________.
A. People, Objects, Feelings
B. People, Objects, Circumstances
C. People, Places, Objects
D. People, Relationships, Events
E. People, Relationships, Environments
|
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Definition
D. People, Relationships, Events
Pg. 328 |
|
|
Term
1. Accounts and Stories are two types of narratives.
True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. Identify two ways that a resultant narrative can be described:
a. complex episodes and interactive episodes
b. internal episodes and setting episodes
c. direct consequences and reaction consequences
d. choices B&C
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|
Definition
a. complex episodes and interactive episodes
pg. 323 |
|
|
Term
3. What does a story grammar in English and Western languages consist of?
a. plot and characters
b.setting and event
c.setting and episode structure
d. none of the above |
|
Definition
| c.setting and episode structure pg. 323 |
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|
Term
| T/F: By the age of 2 or 3 children have mastered some causal expressions and are able to construct coherent causal narratives |
|
Definition
| False; unable to construct coherent causal narratives |
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|
Term
Metaphoric transparency directly affects the ease of
a) Idioms
b) Language
c) Interpretation
d) Both a and b
e) Both a and c |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the predominant form of noun phrase?
a) Article + adjective+ noun
b) Article+ descriptor+ noun
c) Article+ noun+ prepositional phrase
d) Article+ verb+ noun
e) All of the above
f) A, b and c |
|
Definition
|
|
