Term
| Photosynthesis provides the carbon source that fuels what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three things does photosynthesis require? |
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Definition
| sunlight, carbon dioxide, water |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different? |
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Definition
Photosynthesis is endergonic
Cellular respiration is exergonic. |
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Term
| In photosynthesis what are the two separate but linked processes? |
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Definition
Light dependant reactions
Calvin cycle reactions |
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Term
| Light dependent reactions produce ? from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Calvin Cycle reactions produce ? from ? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the two photosynthesis reactions linked? |
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Definition
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Term
| The calvin cycle uses electrons and atp to? |
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Definition
| reduce CO2 to make sugars |
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Term
| Photosynthesis occurs in the? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chloroplasts are surrounded by how many membranes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Internal membranes of chloroplasts that form flattened vessicle like structures. |
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Term
| Thykaloid membranes contain large quantities of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fluid filled space between the thykaloids and the inner membrane. |
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Term
| Chloroplasts are the site of the production of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two major pigments in plant leaves? |
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Definition
| chlorophylls and carotenoids |
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Term
| Each plant pigment has a specific ? spectrum. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the absorption spectrum? |
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Definition
| the wavelength of light absorbed by pigment molecules |
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Term
| What is and Action Spectrum? |
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Definition
| Shows the rate of photosynthesis vs. wavelength |
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Term
| What absorption spectrum are the most effective at driving photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| Pigments that absorb blue and red photons |
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Term
| How are chlorophyll a and b similar? |
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Definition
| in structure and absorption spectra |
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Term
| Chlorophyll has what two labelled parts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chlorophyll tail made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the tail on the chlorophyll molecule? |
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Definition
| Keeps the molecule embedded in the thylakoid membrane |
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Term
| What is the head of the chlorophyll molecule made of? |
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Definition
| a large ring structure with a magnesium atom in the middle |
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Term
| In chlorophyll where is light absorbed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are carotenoids and what do they do? |
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Definition
accessory pigments that absorb light and
Pass the energy on to chlorophyll |
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Term
| What are the two groups of carotenoids? |
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Definition
| Carotenes and xanthophylls |
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Term
| What wavelengths of light do carotenoids absorb and why? |
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Definition
Not absorbed by chlorophyll and this
Extend the range of wavelengths that can drive photosynthesis |
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Term
| In chlorophyll, what is the reaction center? |
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Definition
| An electron in the chlorophyll molecule that becomes excited upon absorbing light energy |
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Term
| What are the two types of reaction centers? |
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Definition
1. Photosystem I
2. Photosystem II |
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Term
| Photosystem I and Photosystem II work together to produce an ? effect. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the enhancement effect photosynthesis increases when the cells are exposed to what kind of light? |
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Definition
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Term
| In photosystem II When energy reaches the reaction center the chlorophyll is oxidized when? |
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Definition
| a high-energy electron is donated to the electron acceptor pheophytin |
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Term
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Definition
| A pigment molecule structurally similar to chlorophyll |
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Term
| In photosystem II where is the electron passed through and why is it passed? |
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Definition
An electron transport chain (ETC)
In the thylakoid membrane
Producing a proton gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemiosmosis (H+ flowing along its concentration gradient through ATP Synthase) and ATP synthesis in the chloroplast |
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Term
| Electrons are passed from the reduced pheophytin to? |
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Definition
| an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane |
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Term
| ETC is similar in structure and function to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does plastoquinone (PQ) do? |
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Definition
Shuttles electrons from pheophytin
Across the thylakoid membrane
To a cytochrome complex |
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Term
| Electrons in the electron transport chain participate in ? reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the electron transport chain redox reactions what happens to the energy in the electrons? |
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Definition
| The energy is gradually reduced |
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Term
| The redox reactions result in? |
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Definition
Protons being pumped from one side of the membrane to the other
Proton concentration inside the thylakoid increases 1000-fold |
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Term
| How is chemiosmosis created? |
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Definition
when the flow of protons through ATP synthase
Causes a change in its shape
Driving the phosphorylation of ADP |
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Term
| What is Photophosphorylation? |
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Definition
Is the capture of light energy by photosystem II
To produce ATP |
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Term
| In photosystem II splits water in a process called? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the process of oxygenic photosynthesis, what is gained? |
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Definition
replaces its lost electrons
Produces oxygen |
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Term
| How many protein complexes are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Photosystem I Excited electrons from the reaction center are passed down an ? |
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Definition
| an ETC of iron- and sulfur-containing proteins to ferredoxin |
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Term
In photosystem I, The enzyme NADP+ reductase transfers what?
From what to what? |
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Definition
A proton and two electrons
From ferredoxin to NADP+, forming NADPH |
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Term
| The photosystem itself and NADP+ reductase are anchored in the? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is it that NADPH does? |
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Definition
| Is an electron carrier that can donate electrons to other compounds and reduce them |
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