Term
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Definition
| number of cycles that a wave completes in a given amount of time |
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Definition
| undulating displacement of molecules caused by changing pressure |
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Definition
| measure of frequently (repetition rate) of a sound wave; 1 hz = 1 cycle per second |
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Definition
| intensity of a stimulus; equivalent to loudness, graphed by increasing the height of a soundwave |
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Definition
| unit for measuring the relative physical intensity of sounds |
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Definition
| rate at which complex wave patterns repeat |
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Definition
| melodical tone of the spoken voice |
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Term
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Definition
| funnel like external ear structure (cartilage and flesh). Designed to catch sound waves in the environment and deflect them into external ear canal, which is directed to the eardrum, where it vibrates (varies with frequency) |
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Term
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Definition
| bone of the middle ear, maellus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). attach eardrum to the oval window, an opening in the body casing the cochlea |
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Definition
| inner-ear structure that contains the auditory receptor cells |
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Definition
| receptor cells and cells that support them |
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Term
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Definition
| receptor surface in the cochlea that transduces sound waves into neural activity |
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Definition
| sensory neurons in the cochlea tipped by cilia; when stimulated by waves in the cochlear fluid, other hair cells generate graded potentials in inner hair cells, which act as the auditory receptor cells |
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Definition
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Term
| medial geniculate nucleus |
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Definition
| major thalamic region concerned with audition |
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Term
| primary auditory cortex (a1) |
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Definition
| asymmetrical structures found within Heschl’s gyrus in temporal lobes that receive input from ventral regions of medial geniculate nucleus |
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Definition
| second auditory cortex, regulates language comprehension (posterior speech zone) |
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Term
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Definition
| process whereby functions become localized primarily on one side of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| located within lateral fissure, multifunctional cortical tissue that contains regions related to language to perception of taste and to neural structures underlying social cognition |
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Term
| tonotropic representation |
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Definition
| property of audition in which sound waves are processed in a systematic fashion from lower to higher frequencies |
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Term
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Definition
| electronic device implanted surgically into the inner ear to transduce sound waves into neural activity and allow a deaf person to hear |
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Term
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Definition
| development of a new language from what was formerly a rudimentary language or pidgin |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior speech area in left hemisphere that functions with motor cortex to produce movements needed for speaking |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to speak or comprehend language despite the presence of normal comprehension and intact vocal mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to speak fluently despite the presence of normal comprehension and intact vocal mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to understand or produce meaningful language even though production of the word is intact |
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Term
| 4 regions that control language |
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Definition
| Broca and Wernicke, dorsal area of frontal lobe, areas of motor and somatosensory cortex that control facial, tongue, and throat muscles and sensations |
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Term
| supplementary speech zone |
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Definition
speech production region on the dorsal surface of the left frontal lobe
- Stimulating this can stop speech completely (speech arrest) |
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Term
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Definition
| can’t recognise written music, play piano or compose |
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