Term
| A global network of interconnected computers that communicate freely and share and exchange information: |
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Definition
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Term
| A computer that processes data reduced to a binary code: |
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Definition
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Term
| Information transformed into a series of digits 1 and 0 for storage and manipulation in computers: |
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Definition
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Term
| Common communication rules and languages for computers linked to the Internet: |
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Definition
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Term
| Computers linking individual personal computer users to the internet: |
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Definition
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Term
| A large central computer to which users are connected by terminals: |
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Definition
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Term
| A relatively large central computer to which users are connected by terminals; not as large as a mainframe computer: |
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Definition
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Term
| User workstations that are connected to larger centralized computers: |
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Definition
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Term
| A very small computer that uses a microprocessor to handle information (also called a personal computer or PC): |
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Definition
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Term
| The software that tells the computer how to work: |
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Definition
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Term
| Advanced sound and image capabilities for microcomputers: |
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Definition
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Term
| Network that connects several LANs in different locations: |
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Definition
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Term
| Company that offers Internet connections at monthly rates depending on the kind and amount of access needed: |
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Definition
| ISP (internet service provider) |
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Term
| Function of Internet allowing communication via computer with anyone else online, anyplace in the world, with no long-distance fees: |
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Definition
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Term
| Unsolicited commercial e-mail: |
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Definition
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Term
| Real-time e-mail, allowing two or more people to communicate instantaneously and in immediate response to one another: |
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Definition
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Term
| Phone calls transferred in digital packets over the Internet rather than on circuit-switched telephone wires: |
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Definition
| Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) |
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Term
| A tool that serves as a means of accessing files on computers connected via the Internet: |
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Definition
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Term
| The designation of each file or directory on the host computer connected to the Internet: |
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Definition
| URL (uniform resource locator) |
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Term
| On the World Wide Web, an identifying name, rather than a site's formal URL, that gives some indication of the nature of a site's content or owner: |
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Definition
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Term
| Software programs loaded on personal computers and used to download and view Web files: |
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Definition
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Term
| Web or net search software providing on-screen menus: |
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Definition
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Term
| Entryway into a website, containing information and hyperlinks to other material: |
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Definition
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Term
| Connection, embedded in Internet or website, allowing instant access to other material in that site as well as to material in other sites: |
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Definition
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Term
| Websites that function as online communities of users: |
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Definition
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Term
| People who have never known a world without the Internet: |
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Definition
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Term
| a McLuhan concept; new communication technologies permit people to become increasingly involved in one another's lives: |
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Definition
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Term
| Large, geographically dispersed groups connected only by communications technology, quickly drawn together to perform collective action: |
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Definition
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Term
| In copyright law, instances in which material may be used without permission or payment: |
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Definition
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Term
| Electronic coding or masking of information on the Web that can be deciphered only by a recipient with the decrypting key: |
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Definition
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Term
| The massive electronic collection and distillation of consumer data: |
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Definition
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Term
| Consumers giving permission to companies to sell personal data, or consumers requesting that companies do not sell personal data: |
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Definition
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Term
| Grain of sand sized microchip and antenna embedded in consumer products that transmit a radio signal: |
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Definition
| Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip |
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Term
| Permits users to point phones at things in the real world and be instantly linked to websites containing information about those things superimposed over the screen image: |
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Definition
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Term
| Storage of all computing data, including personal information and system-operating software, on distant computers: |
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Definition
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Term
| The series of choices made by a user on the Web: |
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Definition
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Term
| An identifying code added to a computer's hard drive by a visited website: |
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Definition
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Term
| Identifying code placed on a computer by a website without permission or notification: |
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Definition
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Term
| Granting equal carriage over phone and cable lines to all websites: |
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Definition
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Term
| The widening disparity between communication technology haves and have-nots: |
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Definition
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Term
| The lack of technological access among people of color, people who are poor or disabled, and those in rural communities: |
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Definition
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Term
| The widening disparity in amounts and types of information available to information haves and have-nots: |
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Definition
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Term
| Growing differences in knowledge, civic activity, and literacy between better-informed and less-informed Americans: |
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Definition
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Term
| Internet use charged "by the byte"; heavier users pay more, more-modest users pay less: |
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Definition
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Term
| The first successful commercial computer, used by the Census Bureau in 1951, was: |
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Definition
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Term
Proponents of Internet freedom see its ( ) as providing protection for unpopular expression;
proponents of greater Internet control see it as the Internet’s greatest danger. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to long-time New Yorker columnist A.J. Liebling, freedom of the press is guaranteed to: |
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Definition
| Those who own the presses |
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Term
| According to Marshall McLuhan, the computer is an extension of our: |
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Definition
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Term
McCluhan’s idea that new communication technologies will permit people to become increasingly
involved in one another’s lives is his concept of the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Internet-filtering software that electronically blocks out websites in specific rating categories is called ( ) by those who see it as inhibiting free expression on the Net. |
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Definition
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Term
s a nonprofit organization that asks
websites to rate themselves on a scale from 0 to 4 for tolerance of sex, nudity, strong language,
and violence. The higher the number, the more of each content type is present: |
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Definition
| THE RECREATIONAL SOFTWARE ADVISORY COUNCIL |
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Term
Instances in which copyrighted material may be used without permission or payment are referred to
as: |
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Definition
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Term
The global network of interconnected computers that communicate freely and share and exchange
information is called the: |
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Definition
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Term
The “Father of the Computer” was ( ) an Englishman, who in 1836 produced
designs for a “computer” that could conduct algebraic computations using stored memory and
punch cards for input and output. |
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Definition
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Term
The first electronic digital computer, ( ), was developed by the British during World War II to
help break the German’s secret code. |
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Definition
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Term
Computers that reduce information to a code made up of the digits 1 and 0 for storage and
manipulation are said to use a: |
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Definition
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Term
Sensing that the future of computing was in personal computers and that computers’ power would
reside not in their size but in the software that ran them, ( ) dropped out of Harvard
University in 1975 and, with his friend ( ), founded Microsoft Corporation. |
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Definition
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Term
The heart of the Web lies in the ( ) (common communication rules and languages) that
define its use. |
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Definition
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Term
The first “full-service” electronic computer, ( ), was based on the work of Iowa State University’s
John V. Atanasoff and introduced by scientists John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert of the
University of Pennsylvania in 1946. |
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Definition
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Term
| Computer stations connected to large, centralized mainframes or minicomputers are called: |
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Definition
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Term
| The software that tells a computer how to work is called its: |
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Definition
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Term
| Telephone over the Internet in which voice messages are transmitted in digital packets is: |
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Definition
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Term
Each file or directory on the Internet (that is, on the host computer connected to the Internet) is
designated by an address, called its: |
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Definition
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Term
Finding information on the Web is easy thanks to ( ), which provide on-screen
menus, making navigation of the Web as simple as pointing and clicking. |
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Definition
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Term
is identifying code placed on a computer by a Web site without permission or
notification: |
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Definition
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Term
In the cyberworld the issue of privacy has two important dimensions: the use of private, personal
information people willingly give online; and the protection of: |
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Definition
| Communication people wish to keep private |
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Term
is the massive collection, distillation, and distribution of consumer data willingly
given by consumers: |
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Definition
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Term
| The electronic tracking of the choices people make when they are surfing the Net is their: |
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Definition
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Term
| The widening disparity between the communication technology haves and have-nots is referred to as: |
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Definition
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Term
The lack of technological access among people of color, the poor, the disabled, and those living in
rural areas is called the: |
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Definition
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Term
is a form of technologically imposed censorship, in which people without
the new communication technology have diminished access to the information it makes available: |
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Definition
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Term
The ideas of the communication and technology theorist of the 1960s, Marshall McLuhan, are
receiving renewed interest because: |
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Definition
| Of new communication technologies like the Internet |
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Term
| Of new communication technologies like the Internet: |
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Definition
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Term
McLuhan’s idea that the media do not bring the world to us, but instead are technologies that permit
us to experience the world with a scope and depth otherwise impossible is known as: |
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Definition
MEDIA AS
EXTENSIONS OF OUR BODIES |
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Term
| A derogatory name sometimes applied to public relations professionals: |
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Definition
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Term
| Fake grassroots organization: |
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Definition
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Term
| Event that has no real informational or issue meaning; it exists merely to attract media attention: |
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Definition
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Term
| In PR, any group of people with a stake in an organization, issue, or idea: |
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Definition
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Term
| The arrangement whereby a PR firm performs a specific set of services for a client for a specific and prearranged fee: |
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Definition
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Term
| Printing, research, and photographs that PR firms handle for clients, charging as much as 17.65% for this service: |
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Definition
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Term
| PR in support of social issues and causes: |
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Definition
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Term
| In public relations, directly interacting with elected officials or government regulators and agents: |
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Definition
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Term
| In PR, outright lying to hide what really happened: |
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Definition
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Term
| Small groups of people who are interviewed, typically to provide advertising or public relations professionals with detailed information: |
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Definition
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Term
| Public relations practice of countering the public relations efforts aimed at clients by environmentalists: |
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Definition
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Term
| Preproduced report about a client or its product that is distributed free of charge to television stations: |
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Definition
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Term
| Spokespeople can be simultaneously interviewed by a worldwide audience hooked to the interviewee by telephone: |
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Definition
| Satellite-delivered media tour |
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Term
| Combining public relations, marketing, advertising and promotion into a seamless communication campaign: |
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Definition
| Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) |
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Term
| PR strategy that relies on targeting specific Internet users with a given communication and relying on them to spread the word: |
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Definition
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Term
| Fake blog; typically sponsored by a company to anonymously boost itself or attack a competitor: |
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Definition
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Term
| PR professionals calling for full disclosure of their practices-transparency: |
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Definition
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Term
The first publicity company,( ), was established in 1906 to help the railroad
industry challenge legislation it opposed. |
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Definition
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Term
Around 1913, public relations pioneer ( ) issued his Declaration of Principles, which moved the
profession’s focus from primarily dispensing publicity to providing information. |
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Definition
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Term
President Woodrow Wilson appointed ( ) to head the Committee on Public
Information to build public support for U.S. participation in World War I. |
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Definition
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Term
Around the 1920s, public relations pioneer ( ) began stressing two-way
27
communication—that is, public relations practitioners talking to people, and in return listening to
them when they talked back. |
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Definition
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Term
President Franklin D. Roosevelt made impressive use ( ) as a public relations tool to sell his
New Deal directly to the people. |
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Definition
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Term
| Two essential elements of all good definitions of public relations are communication and: |
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Definition
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Term
| An event staged specifically to attract public attention is a: |
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Definition
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Term
| The first U.S. presidential press secretary was: |
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Definition
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Term
“A sucker is born every minute” was the public relations philosophy of what legendary PR
practitioner? |
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Definition
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Term
| The first corporate public relations department was established in 1889 by: |
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Definition
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Term
The Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, which required anyone who engages in political
activities in the United States on behalf of a foreign power to register as an agent of a foreign
power with the Justice Department, was a result of public relations pioneer,( ) contacts
with Nazi Germany. |
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Definition
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Term
As a result of the public’s distrust of public relations, Congress passed the ( ) in 1946, requiring that those who deal with federal employees on behalf of
private clients disclose those relationships. |
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Definition
| FEDERAL REGULATION OF LOBBYING ACT |
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Term
During the 1950s and 1960s, women began to assume prominent roles in public relations. Among
the most notable was President Dwight Eisenhower’s associate press secretary: |
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Definition
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Term
Some public relations firms bill clients according to the performance of a specific set of services for a
specific and prearranged fee, a method known as: |
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Definition
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Term
Some public relations firms bill clients by adding a surcharge as high as 17.65% for such things as
printing, research, and photographs, which are known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| The public relations activity of getting media coverage for clients is called: |
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Definition
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Term
The public relations activity of interacting with officials and leaders of the various power centers with
whom a client must deal is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
When a PR firm actively combines public relations, marketing, advertising, and promotion into a more
28
or less seamless communication campaign that is as at home on the Web as it is on the television
screen and magazine page, it is engaging in: |
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Definition
| INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS |
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Term
The history of public relations is divided into four stages—early public relations, the propaganda publicity
stage, early two-way communication, and: |
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Definition
| Advanced two-way communication |
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Term
In 1896, presidential contenders William Jennings Bryan and ( ) both established
campaign headquarters in Chicago, where they issued news releases, position papers, and
pamphlets. |
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Definition
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Term
Around 1920, the beginning of the ( ) era of public relations, PR
companies began talking to people and listening to them when they talked back—in other words,
representing their various publics to their clients, just as they represented their clients to those
publics. |
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Definition
| EARLY TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION |
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Term
The public relations activity that involves enhancement of communication between investor-owned
companies and their shareholders, the financial community (for example, banks, annuity groups,
and investment firms), and the public is known as: |
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Definition
| FINANCIAL PUBLIC RELATIONS |
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Term
The public relations activity known as ( ) typically uses a large-scale public
relations campaign designed to move or shape opinion on a specific issue. |
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Definition
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Term
outright lying or obfuscation, is antithetical to authentic communication and should be avoided
by PR professionals, according to executive Roxanne Taylor: |
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Definition
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Term
The research tool ( ) employs small groups of a targeted public that are interviewed
in detail to provide a public relations operation and its clients with feedback. |
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Definition
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Term
Public relations firms with particular skill at countering the PR efforts of environmentalists are said to
be good at: |
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Definition
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Term
is the PR practice of offering clients’ spokespeople for
interview by a worldwide audience via videoconferencing: |
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Definition
| SATELLITE-DELIVERED MEDIA TOUR |
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Term
Public relations pioneer ( ) was responsible for the 1929 Torches of Liberty
contingent, designed to encourage smoking among women, in the annual New York Easter
Parade. |
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Definition
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Term
The PR strategy that relies on targeting specific Internet users with a given communication and
relying on them to spread the word is referred to as: |
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Definition
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Term
There are many publics with whom PR professionals interact, including an organization’s ( ), its family. Good public relations begins at home with company newsletters, social
events, and internal and external recognition of superior performance. |
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Definition
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Term
There are many publics with whom PR professionals interact, including an organization’s ( ); they own the organization (if it is a corporation), and their goodwill is
necessary for the business to operate. Annual reports and meetings provide a sense of belonging
as well as information. |
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Definition
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Term
When PR professionals directly interact with elected officials or government regulators and agents,
they are engaging in: |
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Definition
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Term
Public affairs work in the communities in which an organization exists is characteristic of THE public
relations service OF: |
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Definition
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Term
When Denny’s restaurant chain was beset by numerous complaints of racial discrimination during the
1990s, it undertook an aggressive PR campaign to speak to those who felt disenfranchised by the
events. This is an example of: |
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Definition
| MINORITY RELATIONS/MULTICULTURAL AFFAIRS |
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Term
There are many publics with whom PR professionals interact, including an organization’s ( ). Courtesy, as well as good business sense requires that an organization’s
neighbors be treated with friendship and support. Information meetings, company-sponsored
safety and food drives, and open houses strengthen ties between organizations and their
neighbors. |
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Definition
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Term
There are many publics with whom PR professionals interact, including the ( ), without the trust
and goodwill of whom very little communication with an organization’s various publics can occur.
Press packets, briefings, and facilitating access to organization newsmakers build that trust and
goodwill. |
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Definition
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Term
As “the voice of the people,” which public deserves the attention of any organization that deals with
the people? |
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Definition
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Term
refers to a fake grassroots organization, that is, one funded in secret by those with a
vested interest in the issue at hand: |
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Definition
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Term
PR efforts on behalf of charities, relief groups, or other organizations serving publics in need are
called: |
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Definition
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Term
Anticipating, analyzing and interpreting public opinion, attitudes and issues that might impact, for
good or ill, the operations and plans of the organization are part of PR’s ( ) function. |
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Definition
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