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Definition
| An approach to understanding the family that describes it as a complex whole system having interrelated members playing different interconnected roles. The action of any one member impacts the whole system. |
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Definition
| The term used to describe a household that has multiple generations of the same family living together. |
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reconstituted family
(blended family) |
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Definition
| The term used for families that are the result of remarriages. |
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Definition
| The term for children who have no adult supervision after school. |
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launching phase
(empty nest) |
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Definition
| The time when adult children leave the home. Historically this has been described as a period of stress for parents, particularly mothers, but recent survey research indicates this is a positive time of renewal for couples. |
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Definition
| One of the first psychologists to systematically study parenting styles and the effect of style of parenting on the developing child. |
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Authoritative Parents
(high on demandingness/control + high on acceptance/responsiveness)
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Definition
Parents who adopt this style have household rules that often have been constructed with children having a voice in the process. Discipline is present but not harsh, and explanations for the rules, as well as the reason for the discipline, are provided to the children. These parents are high in acceptance/responsiveness and high in control/demandingness. Children raised with this parenting style have the best developmental outcomes. They tend to have high self-esteem and self-control, and be cooperative and mature.
- affectionate and loving
- Provide control when necessary and set limits.
- Allow children to express their own point of view - engage in "verbal give and take".
- Their children tend to be self-reliant, competent, and socially responsible. |
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Term
Authoritarian Parents
(high on demandingness/control + low on acceptance/responsiveness. |
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Definition
Parents who adopt this style are strict disciplinarians who often use physical punishment. These parents are high in control/demandingness and low in acceptance/responsiveness. These parents make the household rules and children are given no voice in that process. Respect and strict obedience to adults are highly valued by this type of parent. Children raised with this parenting style tend to be anxious and withdrawn or defiant and aggressive.
- Demand unquestioning obedience.
- Use punishment to control behavior.
- Less likely to be affectionate.
- Their children tend to be unhappy, distrustful, ineffective in social interactions, and often become dependent adults.
Lower- and working-class parents tend to be authoritarian because they tend to value obedience. Obedience to authority may be valued because parents assume their own children will be working in blue-collar jobs in which they are required to be compliant. They usually express less affection toward children and are less educated so they lack knowledge about how to parent more effectively. |
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Permissive Parents
(low on demandingness/control + high on acceptance/responsiveness)
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Definition
Parents who adopt this style are overindulgent and lenient. Children are free to make their own decisions. These parents are high in acceptance/responsiveness and low in control/demandingness. Children raised with this style tend to be non-achievers who are dependent, impulsive, and disobedient.
- Make few demands.
- Allow children to make their own decisions.
- Use inconsistent discipline.
- Their children tend to be immature, lack self-control, and explore less. |
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Term
Neglectful Uninvolved Parents
(low on demandingness/control + low on acceptance/responsiveness)
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Definition
Parents who adopt this style do not pay attention to the child or care for the child’s needs. There are no rules of the household and no discipline. These parents are low in control/demandingness and low in acceptance/responsiveness. Children raised with this parenting style tend to engage in antisocial behavior.
- Do not pay attention to the needs of the child.
- Provide no discipline or guidance.
- Provide no love or affection.
- Their children are at risk for anti-social behavior. |
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Definition
| The term for jealousy and competition for the attention and affection from parents that occurs between siblings. |
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Term
| middle generation sandwich |
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Definition
| The term for the stress experienced by middle-aged adults who are both caring for their own children as well as their aging parents. |
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Term
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Definition
| An assault on a child that causes physical harm(physical abuse) or causes a mental or behavioral disorder(emotional abuse). |
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Term
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Definition
| Fondling, having intercourse with, exhibiting to, or sexually exploiting a child through pornography or prosititution. |
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Term
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Definition
The psychologists who created a stage theory of adjustment to one’s own death after conducting extensive interviews with terminally ill patients.
The stages are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Her theory has been criticized by psychologists who argue that all people do not go through all of the stages in her model. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first stage in Kubler-Ross/ model of adjustment to terminal illness. She argued that the terminally ill patient at first does not accept his or her prognosis and may believe that there has been a mistake. |
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Term
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Definition
| The second stage in Kubler-Ross’ model of adjustment to death and dying in which the terminally ill patient rages against his or her illness and may act out against caregivers and significant others. |
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Term
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Definition
| The third stage in Kulber-Ross’ model of adjustment to death and dying. In this stage, the dying person will try to negotiatefor more time as in saying “Just let me live long enough to see my daughter get married.” |
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Term
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Definition
| The fourth stage in Kulber-Ross’ model of adjustment to death and dying in which the terminally ill patient is overwhelmed by sadness and hopelessness. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fifth and final stage in Kubler-Ross’ model of adjustment to death and dying in which the terminally ill patient comes to realize death and dying in which the terminally ill patient comes to realize death is imminent and there is nothing that will prevent it. During this stage the dying patient often helps plan for his or her funeral and puts his or her affairs in order. |
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Term
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Definition
| The distressful response to the death of a loved one. Some psychologists argue that the grief process involves the same stages as in Kubler-Ross’ model of death and dying. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process of reacting and adjusting to the loss of a terminally ill loved one prior to that person’s death. |
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Definition
| The term for actively assisting the death of a terminally ill person. |
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Term
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Definition
| A comprehensive support group designed to help terminally ill patients die a good death. The goals of this program are to manage the dying person’s pain and enable the person to die comfortably while surrounded by loved ones. |
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Term
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Definition
| A legal document that outlines the individual's wishes with regard to end-of-life care. Often the document dictates that no extreme measures be used if there is no hope for recovery. |
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