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Chapter 10
David G. Myers Psychology
19
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
11/28/2013

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Term
Motivation
Definition
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Term
Instinct
Definition
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Term
Drive-Reduction Theory
Definition
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisy the need
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Term
Incentive
Definition
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Term
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Definition
The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
Term
Hierarchy of Needs
Definition
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Term
Glucose
Definition
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provide the major source of energy for body tissues. When it's level is low, we feel hunger.
Term
Set Point
Definition
The point at which your "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore the lost weight.
Term
Basal Metabolic Rate
Definition
The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Term
Achievement Motivation
Definition
A desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for rapidly attaining a high standard
Term
Emotion
Definition
A response of the whole organism, involving (1) Physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience
Term
James-Lange Theory
Definition
The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
Term
Cannon-Bard Theory
Definition
The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion
Term
Two-factor Theory
Definition
The Schacter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal
Term
Zajonc; LeDoux Emotion Theory
Definition
Some embodied responsed happen instantly, without concious appraisal
Term
Lazarus Emotion Theory
Definition
Cognitive appraisal ("is it dangerous or not?")-sometimes without our awareness-defines emotion
Term
Polygraph
Definition
A machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of physiological responses (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) accompanying emotion
Term
Facial Feedback Effect
Definition
The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings, such as fear, anger, or happiness
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