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| The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in sugars or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes. |
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| An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones. |
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| An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them. |
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| Leaf cells specialized for photosynthesis; in C3 and CAM plants, mesophyll cells are located between the upper and lower epidermis, in C4 plants, they are located between thhe bundle-sheath cells and the epidermis. |
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| A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the enviornment and the interior of the plant. |
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| A flattened, membraneous sac inside a cholorplast. Thylakoids often exist in stacks called grana that are interconnected; their membranes contain molecular "machinery" used to convert light energy to chemical energy. |
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| A green pigment located in membranes within the chloroplasts of plants and algae and in the membranes of certain prokaryotes. Chlorophyll a participates directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy. |
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