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Definition
| a virus that infects bacteria |
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Definition
| an organic monomer consisting of a five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. the building blocks of nucleic acids |
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Definition
| a polymer made up of many nucleotides covalently bonded together |
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Definition
| the alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which the DNA and RNA nitrogenous bases are attached |
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Definition
| single ring structures--thymine (t) and cytosine (c) |
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Definition
| double-ring structures--Adenine (A) and guanine (G) |
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Definition
| the form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape |
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Definition
| an enzyme that assembles DNA nucleotides into polynucleotides using a preexisting strand of DNA as a template |
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Definition
| an enzyme, essential for DNA replication, that catalyzes the covalent bonding of adjacent DNA nucleotides; used in genetic engineering to paste a specific piece of DNA containing a gene of interest into a bacterial plasmid or other vector |
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Definition
| the synthesis of RNA on a DNA template. |
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Definition
| the synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. there is a change of language from nucleotides to amino acids. |
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Definition
| a set of three nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains |
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Definition
| a three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code |
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Definition
| an enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription, using a DNA strand as a template |
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Definition
| a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA, located at the start of a gene, that is the binding site for RNA polymerase and the place where transcription begins |
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Definition
| a special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene; it signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule which then departs from the gene. |
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Definition
| the type of ribonucleic acid that encodes genetic information from DNA and conveys it to ribosomes, where the information is translated into amino acid sequences |
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Definition
| the removal of introns and joining of exons in eukaryotic RNA, forming an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence; occurs before mRNA leaves the nucleus |
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Definition
| in eukaryotes, a non-expressed (noncoding) portion of a gene that is excised from the RNA transcript |
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Definition
| in eukaryotes, a coding portion of a gene |
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Definition
| a type of ribonucleic acid that functions as an intrepreter in translation. each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon, picks p a specific amino acid, and coneys the amino acid to the appropriate codon on mRNA |
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Definition
| on a rRNA molecule, a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA. |
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Definition
| the type of ribonucleic acid that, together with proteins, makes up ribosomes, the most abundant type of RNA |
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Definition
| on mRNA, specific three nucleotide the sequence to which an initiator tRNA molecule binds, starting translation of genetic information |
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Definition
| in mRNA, one of the three triplets (UAG, UAA, UGA) that signal gene translation to stop |
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Definition
| a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNAl the ultimate source of genetic diversity |
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Definition
| the way in which a cel's mRNA translating machinery groups the mRNA nucleotides into codons |
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Definition
| the creation of a mutation |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation |
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Definition
| a type of viral replication cycle resulting n the release of new viruses by lysis (breaking open) of the host cell |
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Definition
| a type of bacteriophage replication cycle in which the viral genome is incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage; new phages are not produces, and the host cell is not killed or lysed unless the viral genome leaves the host chromosome |
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Definition
| phage DNA that has inserted by genetic recombination into the DNA of a prokaryotic chromosome |
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Definition
| an RNA virus that reproduces by means of a DNA MOLECULE IT REVERSE TRANSCRIBES ITS rna INTO dna INSERTS THE dna INTO A CELLULAR CHROMOSOME AND THEN TRANSCRIBES MORE COPIES OF THE rna FROM THE VIRAL dna. hiv and a number of cancer causing viruses are these. |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that catalyzed the synthesis of DNA on an RNA template. |
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Definition
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome; the latest stages of HIV infection; characterized by a reduced number of T cells usualy results in death caused by other diseases |
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Definition
| human immunodeficiency virus, the retrovirus that attacks the human immune system and causes AIDS. |
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