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chapter 10
test study
16
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/21/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
cognition
Definition
the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Term
concepts
Definition
mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
Term
prototype
Definition
mental image or best example of a category
Term
algorithm
Definition
a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. (step by step problem)
Term
heuristics
Definition
simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently. speedier than algorithms
Term
insight
Definition
sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem
Term
confirmation bias
Definition
a tendency to search for information that confirms ones preconceptions
Term
fixation
Definition
inability to see a problem from a new perspective
Term
mental set
Definition
tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
Term
functional fixedness
Definition
tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions, an impediment to problem solving
Term
representativeness heuristic
Definition
judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes. may lead one to ignore other relevant information
Term
availability heuristic
Definition
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
Term
overconfidence
Definition
tendency to be more confident than correct
Term
framing
Definition
the way an issue is posed, how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgment. how we see things
Term
belief bias
Definition
tendency for ones preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusion seem valid, or invalid conclusions seem invalid
Term
belief perseverance
Definition
clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed is discredited
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