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| Unique map that allows every emotional experience to be the right “distance” from every other. Map of emotions. |
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| Emotions can be mapped by their _______ and ________. |
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| how positive or negative experience is |
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| how active or passive the experience is |
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| A positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of psychological activity |
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| A theory about the relationship between emotional experience and psychological activity suggesting that stimuli trigger activity in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain. |
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| for fear: your heart starts pounding and your leg muscles contract, and THEN you experience fear. Body activity comes before the “emotion” |
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| A theory about the relationship between emotional experience and psychological activity suggesting that a stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the autonomic nervous system and emotional experience in the brain. |
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| In Cannon’s eyes, the Cannon-Bard theory was better than the James-Lange Theory because... (4 reasons) |
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1. The autonomic nervous system reacts too slowly to account for the rapid onset of emotional experience.
2. o People often have difficulty accurately detecting changes in their own autonomic activity.
3.o If non emotional stimuli—such as temperature—can cause the same pattern of autonomic activity that emotional stimuli do, then why don’t people feel afraid when they get a fever?
4. o There aren’t enough unique patterns of autonomic activity to account for all the unique emotional experiences have. |
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| Schachter and Singer’s Two-Factor Theory |
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Definition
| A theory about the relationship between emotional experience and psychological activity suggesting that emotions are inferences about the causes of undifferentiated physiological arousal. |
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| Someone who is part of the experiment unbeknownst to the subjects. |
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| What happens to animals with Klüver-Bucy syndrome? |
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| They become hypersexual and will attempt to mate with members of different species and even inanimate objects. |
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| Bilateral temporal lobe extraction of a monkey. These monkeys end up with three changes: |
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Definition
o Hyper oral
o Hyper sexual
o Placid animals – emotionally flat |
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| An evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus that is performed by the amygdale. |
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| The use of cognitive and behavioral strategies to influence one’s emotional experience. |
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| A strategy that involves changing one’s emotional experience by changing the meaning of the emotion-eliciting stimulus. |
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| If you use your frontal lobes instead of your amygdale what could occur? |
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| You could feel whatever you want to feel. |
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| Any observable sign of an emotional state. |
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| a muscle in the face that pulls the lip corners up. |
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| a muscle that crinkles the outside edges of the eyes. |
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| The hypothesis that emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone. |
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| Words are _______ and expressions are _______. |
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| The Facial Feedback Hypothesis |
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| The hypothesis that emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify. |
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| People with damage to their Amygdale have trouble recognizing what? |
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| facial expressions of fear and anger. |
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| Norms for the control of emotional expression. |
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| involves exaggerating the expression of one’s emotion, as when a person pretends to be more surprised by a gift than she really is. |
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| involves muting the expression of one’s emotion, as when the loser of a contest tries to look less distressed than he really is. |
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| involves expressing one’s emotion while feeling another, as when a poker player tries to look distressed rather than delighted as she examines a hand with four aces. |
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| involves feeling an emotion but displaying no expression, as when judges try not to betray their leanings while lawyers make their arguments. |
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| Certain facial muscles tend to resist control. |
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| Sincere expressions are a bit more symmetrical than insincere expressions. |
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Definition
| Sincere expressions tend to last between half a second and five seconds and expressions that last for shorter or longer periods are more likely to be insincere. |
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| Sincere expressions appear and disappear smoothly over a few seconds, whereas insincere expressions tend to have more abrupt onsets and offsets. |
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| The purpose for or cause of an action. |
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| Makes people believe that one or more of their family members are imposters. Due to damage between the connection between her temporal lobe and the limbic system. They can recognize people but the emotions that used to accompany those people are not there anymore. |
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| The notion that all people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain. |
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| the faculty of acting in such a way as to produce certain ends, without previous education in the performance. |
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| Behaviorists rejected the concept of instinct of two grounds: |
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o Behavior should be explained by the external stimuli that evoke it and not by reference to the hypothetical internal states on which it depends.
o Behaviorists wanted nothing to do with the notion of inherited behavior because for them, all complex behavior was learned. |
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| The tendency for a system to take action to keep itself in a particular state. |
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| An internal state generated by departures from physiological optimality. |
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| This person attempted to organize the list of human urges or, as he called them, needs. |
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| _______ is a chemical secreted by fat cells and is an _______ signal to tell your brain to switch hunger off. |
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| ________ is a chemical that is produced in the stomach and is an _______ signal to tell your brain to switch hunger on. |
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| The _______ hypothalamus receives _______ signals and when it is destroyed, animals sitting in a cage full of food will starve themselves to death. |
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| The _______ hypothalamus receives _______ signals and when it is destroyed animals will gorge themselves to the point of illness and obesity. |
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| ventromedial; anorexigenic |
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| an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging. |
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| An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of being fat and severe restriction of food intake. |
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| The rate at which energy is used by the body. |
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| _______ secrete _______, which travel through the blood to the brain and stimulate sexual desire. |
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| A hormone called _______ (DHEA) seems to be involved in the initial onset of sexual desire. |
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| What did William Masters and Virginia Johnson do? |
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| conducted groundbreaking studies of many hundreds of volunteers as they masturbated or had sex in the laboratory. |
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| Who developed the classification system or “taxonomy” by which all living things are described? |
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| A motivation to take actions that are not themselves rewarding but that lead to reward. |
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| A motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding. |
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| A motivation of which one is aware. |
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| A motivation of which one is not aware. |
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| the motivation to solve worthwhile problems. |
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| Thematic Apperception Test |
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| Presents people with a series of drawings and asks then to tell stories about them. |
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| suggested that people tend to be aware their general motivations unless the complexities of executing an action force them to become aware of their specific motivations. |
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| A motivation to experience positive outcomes. |
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| A motivation not to experience negative outcomes. |
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| If you want to help your roommate attract the attention of someone on campus, what advice, based on your knowledge of emotion, might you offer? |
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Definition
| Suggest that your roommate appear "by chance" at the target's gym workout. |
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| Dreading her first airplane ride, Andrea looked out the window at 30,000 feet and felt her heartbeat and breathing accelerate wildly. According to the James-Lange Theory of emotion, the consequence of this physiological reaction would likely be: |
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| What was the most important finding related to emotion that came from Kluver and Bucy's research with rhesus monkeys? |
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| Results confirmed that the limbic system plays a role in the emotion of fear. |
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| A kindergarten teacher who gives her pupils sugar-free lollipops when they finish their coloring is using ________ to motivate them. |
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| The idea that the hedonic principle can explain virtually all human behavior was argued by: |
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