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| A dimension of courage in the Values in Action classification system. Authenticity involves acknowledging and representing one's true self, values, beliefs, and behaviors to oneself and others. |
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| A theory developed by Sternberg that specifies the processes used to balance personal interest with environmental context to achieve a common good. The processes involve using tacit knowledge and personal values to form a judgment of or resolution for competing interest. |
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| A theory developed by Bates et al. suggesting that wisdom requires knowledge and insight into the self and others within a cultural context and is the "the ways and mean of planning, managing,and understanding a good life" .The paradigm addresses life-span contextualism, relativism of values, and managing uncertainty. |
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| The use of logical argumentation, discussion, and reasoning as a method of intellectual investigation. Dialectical thinking involves examining and resolving opposing or contradictory ideas and integrating subjective information, motivation, and life experiences. |
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| A dimension of courage in the Values in the Values in Action classification system. It involves thriving, or having motivation, in challenging situations or tasks. |
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| Explicit theories examine the externally visible aspects of a construct. For example, in the study of wisdom, such as problem-solving ability. These theories focus on the observable characteristics of a construct. |
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| Theories that examine the nature or essence of a construct, such as courage, that cannot be directly seen or revealed. Implicit theories or "folk theories" seek to explain through describing characteristics, qualities, and/or dimensions of the desired construct. |
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| A dimension of courage in the Values in Action classification system. It involves undertaking tasks or having initiative and determination to start and complete challenges. |
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| A component of the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm that requires understanding a problem in terms of its context. These contexts can be aspects of life, such as love, work, play, as well as cultural and temporal context (time and place in society). |
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| A component of the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm. Using this skill means understanding that any-problem solving strategy or solution involves limitations and requires decision-making flexibility. |
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| Part of O'Byrne, Lopez, and Petersen's classification of courage; the authentic expression of one's beliefs or values in pursuit of justice or the common good despite power differentials, dissent, disapproval, or rejection. |
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| Pertaining to a non-enduring characteristic, a quality that is subject to change depending on the situation, context, or when it is needed. |
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| Part of O'Byrne, Lopez, and Petersen's classification of courage;an attempted physical behavior or action that seeks to uphold the values of a society or the common good. |
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| Described by Putman as a form of vital courage that involves the strength to acknowledge and face personal weaknesses, destructive habits, or threats to one's own psychological stability. |
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| A component of the Berlin wisdom paradigm; involves understanding that values and priorities are different across people, societies, and time. The value of any idea may vary depending on the context in which it is presented. |
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| Pertaining to an enduring characteristic or trait-like quality. |
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| A dimension of courage in the Values in Action classification system. It involves taking a physical, emotional, or intellectual stance in the face of danger or fear. |
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| Part of O'Byrne, Lopez, and Petersen's classification of courage;formerly health/change courage; a person's persistence and perseverance through a disease, illness, or disability despite an uncertain outcome. |
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