Term
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Definition
| "chemotherapy" - agents that selectively kill pathogens. Arsenic compound killed trypanosomes (Afr. Sleep. Sick.) and one for syphilis pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| staph growing on plate with some mold.. didn't grow around mold. Chain&Florey went further and found out that it was in fact penicillin. |
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Term
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Definition
| term "antibiotic" for naturally produced antimicrobials |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 4 primary genre that produce antibiotics |
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Definition
| Penicillium, Cephalosporium (fungi)-class with most drugs, Bacillus and Streptomyces (bacteria). Primarily from soil microbes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibiotics, semisynthetics ("hybrid"), Synthetics |
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Term
| 6 main mech of microbial action |
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Definition
| inhibit cell wall synthesis, inhibit protein synthesis, disrupt cell membrane, inhibit metabolic pathways, inhibit nucleic acid synthesis, block target recognition or attachment to host. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibit cell wall synthesis. b-lactum antibiotic |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibit cell wall synthesis. b-lactum antibiotic |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit cell wall synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibit cell wall synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit cell wall synthesis (topical) |
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Term
| Inhibition of cell wall synthesis works only on |
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Definition
| G+ reproducing quickly (keep cells from increasing amount of cell wall material in log phase. No effects on animal cells(no cell wall) or plant cells (no ppg). |
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Term
| Isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol |
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Definition
| Effect mycobacterium (arabinogalactan-mycolic acid layer) disrupt layer. long term because of long generation time. |
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Term
| Inhibition of protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Aminoglycoside - inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Aminoglycoside - inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Aminoglycoside - inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Aminoglycoside - inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Macrolide - inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Macrolide - inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Tetracycline - inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Tetracycline - inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Tetracycline - inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| tetracycline - inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxazolidinones - inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
| Dalfopristine/Quinupristine |
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Definition
| Streptogramin - inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| polyenes - Fungi not bacteria - disrupt membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| G- topical, disrupt membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit metabolic pathways |
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Term
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Definition
| Sulfonamides - inhibit metabolic pathways |
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Term
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Definition
| Antiviral - inhibition of metabolic pathways |
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Term
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Definition
| Antiviral - inhibit metabolic pathways |
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Term
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Definition
| Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones - Inhibit NA synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of ideal antimicrobial: |
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Definition
| Readily available, inexpensive, chemically stable, easily administered (oral), Nontoxic and non-allergenic, selectively toxic against variety of pathogens. |
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Term
| Clinical considerations in prescribing antimicrobial drugs: |
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Definition
| Spectrum of Action, Ifficacy, Routes of administration, Safety and Side effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrow - Few kinds of pathogens. Broad - Many diff kinds of pathogens. Narrow spectrum preferred. Side effects - kill flora too. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Diffusion Susceptibility Test (kirby-bauer) swab Muller-Hinton agar, add disks, measure zones, use table. 2. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Test - broth dilution test (Etest - zones and MIC on 1 plate) |
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Term
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Definition
| Topical, intravenous, intramuscular, oral. |
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Term
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Definition
| Side effects - Toxicity, Allergies (Anaphylactic Shock-vessels dilate and leak.Can lose allergy over time), Disruption of normal flora (opportunistic or superinfections). |
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Term
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Definition
| acquired through mutations or plasmid acquisition. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Produce an enzyme that destroys drug. 2. Slow/block entry. 3. Alter receptor for drug. 4. Utilize alternate metabolic pathways. 5. Pump drug out of cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| More than one drug (diff classes). r-plasmid exchange. Hospital and nursing homes cause week Immune system, lots of antibiotic use, lots of pathogens. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more drugs same family |
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