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| located between the right atrium and right ventricle. |
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| located between the left atrium and left ventricle. |
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| pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta. |
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| two layer sac consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous layer. The serous layer secretes a fluid that facilitates movement of the heart. This layer also covers the heart and is called the epicardium. |
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| epicardium (3 layers of the heart) |
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| myocardium (3 layers of the heart) |
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| middle, thick muscle layer. |
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| endocardium (3 layers of the heart) |
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| inner lining of the heart. |
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| tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body |
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| blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells. The pulmonary artery in contrast carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the heart to the lungs. |
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| largest artery in the body, originates at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen. |
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| carry blood back to the heart. All veins (except pulmonary) carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. |
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| largest veins in the body . Inferior venae cava carries blood to the heart from parts below the diaphragm. Superior vena cava returns the blood to the hear from the upper part of the blood. |
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| microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with cenules. Materials are passed between the blood and tissue through the capillary walls. |
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| composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes. |
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| clear, straw colored liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended. Plasma is 90% water and comprises approx. 55% of the total blood volume |
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| red blood cells that carry oxygen. These cells develop in bone marrow. |
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| white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation. There are 5 types of white blood cells. |
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| one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process. |
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| clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed. |
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| transparent, colorless, tissue gluid that on entering that lymphatic system is called lymph. Flows to the heart (similar to blood plasma) |
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| similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system. The vessels begin as capillaries spread throughout the body then merge into larger tubes that eventually become ducts in the chest. Provide a one way flow for lymph gathered from the tissues to ducts in the chest, where lymph enters through veins into the circulatory system. |
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| small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. May be singular or grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. Nodes filter lymph to keep substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the blood. They also produce lymphocytes. |
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| located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm. In adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Blood rather than lymph flows through the spleen. Blood is cleansed of microorganisms in the spleen. Spleen stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells. |
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| one of the primary lymphatic organs, it is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. It plays an important role in the development of the body's immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty. Around puberty the thymus gland atrophies so that most of the gland is connective tissue. |
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| electricity, electrical activity |
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| instrument used to record, record |
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| abnormal reduction in number |
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| sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. |
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| ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall |
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| chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm, jaw that occurs when there is an insufficint supply of blood to the heart muscle. |
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| any disturbance or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern |
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| a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria. The atria quiver instead of contracting, causing irregular ventricular response and the ejection of a reduced amount of blood. The blood that remains in the atria becomes static, increasing the risk of clot formation, which may lead to a stroke. Two types of AFib, are paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) which is intermittent, and chronic atrial fibrillation, which is sustained. |
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| acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardinal cavity. |
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| congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta. |
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| heart abnormality present at birth. |
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| inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen. |
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| a condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium, denying the myocardinal tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function fully, most often caused by coronary atherosclerosis. |
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| obstruction of an artery of the heart, usually from atherosclerosis. Coronary occlusion can lead to acute myocardinal infarction. |
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| condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body. Most often occurs in the lower extremities. A clot can break off and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism. |
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| hypertension heart disease |
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Definition
| disorder of the heart brought about by persistent high blood pressure. |
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| intermittent claudication |
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| pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking, a condition seen in occlusive artery disease |
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| a narrowing of a mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever. |
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| death (necrosis) of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (heart attack) |
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| peripheral arterial disease |
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| disease of the arteries, other than those of the heart and brain, that affects blood circulation, such as atherosclerosis and Raynaud disease. The most common symptom of peripheral atherosclerosis is intermittent claudication. |
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| damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever. |
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| distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities. |
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| reduction in the amount of hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Anemia may be caused by blood loss or decrease in the production or increase in the destruction of red blood cells. |
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| blood clot or foreign material such as air or fat, that enters the blood stream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation. |
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| inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII. |
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| malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal white blood cells formed in the bone marrow. |
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| malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually beginning in the cervical nodes. |
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| acute infection cause by epstein barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue and fever. The disease affects most young people and is usually transmitted by saliva. |
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| surgical excision of an aneurysm |
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| atrial fibrillation ablation |
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| a procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger atrial fibrillation are destroyed by using radiofrquency energy. |
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| battery powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart. |
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| coronary artery bypass graft |
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| surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries. |
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| a supportive scaffold device implanted in the coronary artery, used to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy. |
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| surigcal removal of an embolus or clot (usually with a balloon catheter) |
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| surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction. |
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| implantable cardiac defibillator |
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Definition
| a device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm. If life threatening arrhythmias occur, the device delivers an electric shock to convert the arrhythmia back to normal rhythm. |
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| intracoronary thrombolytic therapy |
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Definition
| an injection of an intravenous medication to dissolve blood clots in coronary blood vessels. |
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| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
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Definition
| procedure in which a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque is formed. Inflation of the balloon compresses the plaque against the vessel wall, expanding the inner diameterof the blood vessels, which allows the blood to circulate more freely. (balloon angioplasty) |
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| a syringe is used to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow, usually from ilium, for study, used to diagnose, stage and monitor disease and condition of the blood cells. |
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| a needle puncture to obtain a sample of bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study, used to diagnose, stage and monitor disease and condition of the blood cells. |
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| infusion of normal bone marrow cells from a donor with matching cells and tissue to recipient with a certain type of leukemia or anemia. |
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| digital subtraction angiography |
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| process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that subtracts or removes structures not being sudied. |
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| a study that uses sound for detection of blood flow within the vessels, used to assess intermittent claudication, deep vein thrombosis, and other blood flow abnormalities. |
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| single photon emission computed tomography |
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| a nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles. A tracer substance such as sestamibi or thallium is injected intravenously. The SPECT scanner creates images from the tracer absorbed by the body tissues. Used to assess damage to cardiac tissue. |
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| a nuclear med test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess recascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery. Thallium (radioactive isotope) is injected into the body intravenously a radiation detector is placed over the heart and images are recorded. |
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| transesophageal echocardiogram |
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Definition
| an ultrasound test that examines cardiaac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides views of the heart structures. |
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| excessive amounts of fats in the blood |
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| excessive amounts of fats in the blood. |
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| excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood; associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. |
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| fats and fatlike substances that serve as a source of fuel in the body and are an important constituent of cell structure. |
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| space within a tubular part or organ, such as the space within a blood vessel. |
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| to close tightly to block |
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| phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract numer of a blood pressure reading |
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| agent or nerve that enlares the blood vessels |
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| agent or nerve that enlarges the blood vessels. |
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| puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill a medication or start an intravenous infusion. |
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| abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood |
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| a process in which some of the white blood cells destroy the invading microorganism and old cells. |
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