Term
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Definition
| Part of the Eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides |
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Definition
| Division of the cytoplasm during cell division |
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Definition
| one of the 2 identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome |
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Definition
| period of the cell cycle between cell divisions |
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Definition
| series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
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Definition
| one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of an animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
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Term
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Definition
| fanlike microtubule structure that helps seperate the chromosomes during mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs seperate and move towards opposite poles |
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Term
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Definition
| fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense materials. |
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Term
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Definition
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase |
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Term
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Definition
| area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached |
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Term
| why does a living thing grow? |
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Definition
| because it produces more cells, |
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Term
| what is the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| the cell membrane is the cell's contact with it's enviroment. |
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Term
| where must all exchange of materials occur? |
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Definition
| all exchange of materials must occur through the membrane |
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Term
| what does the speed of exchange depend on? |
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Definition
| the speed of exchange depends on the surface area of the cell |
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Term
| what is the surface area? |
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Definition
| the surface area is the total area of the cell membrane |
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Term
| how does the membrane avoid these situations? |
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Definition
| the membrane avoids these situations by using cell division. |
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Term
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Definition
| cell division is the process by which a cell divides into 2 "daughter" cells |
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Term
| what do cells of each species have? |
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Definition
| cells of each species has characteristic numbers of chromosomes. |
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Term
| what does cell division ensure |
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Definition
| Cell division ensures each daughter cell will have same amount of chromosomes as the original cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| meiosis is another type of nuclear division that divides parents chromosome numbers in half. |
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Term
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Definition
| meiosis occurs only in sex cells. |
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Term
| what do chromosomes consist of? |
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Definition
| chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids bound together. |
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Term
| what does each chromatid consist of? |
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Definition
| each chromatid consists of DNA wrapped up tightly and wound up around 3 proteins. |
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Term
| what is each cluster of DNA and Histones called? |
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Definition
| each cluster of DNA and Histones are called a nucleosome |
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Term
| what does each nucleosome package and DNA do? |
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Definition
| each nucleosome package and DNA sppols then winds up tighter in structures called supercoils |
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Term
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Definition
| the cell cycle is the life cycle of the cell. |
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Term
| what are the series of events in the life of the cell? |
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Definition
| the series of events in the life of the cell are as it grows, it prepares to divide and then divides into two daughter cells. |
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Term
| where do cells spend a majority of their life? and whats the percentage of their life that they spend here? |
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Definition
| the cell spends the majority of his life in interphase, and its 80% of it's life. |
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Term
| where do cells spend a majority of their life? and whats the percentage of their life that they spend here? |
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Definition
| the cell spends the majority of his life in interphase, and its 80% of it's life. |
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Term
| what can interphase be subdivided into? |
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Definition
| interphase can be subdivided into G1, S, and G2. |
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Term
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Definition
| (GAP1) is a period of intense growth. A cell will remain here until it reaches its full adult size OR the enviroment is the "right" condition |
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Term
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Definition
| is a synthesis of DNA and its associated proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| (GAP2)- G2 is when the cells rest and prepares for the nuclear division |
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Term
| What does Cell Division include? |
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Definition
| Cell Division includes the process of both the nucleus and cytoplasm dividing. |
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Term
| what can cell division be subdivided into? |
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Definition
| cell division can be subdivided into mitosis and cytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
| mitosis is the specific division of the nucleus. |
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Term
| what can mitosis be subdivided into? |
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Definition
| mitosis can be subdivided into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. |
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Term
| what occurs during prophase? |
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Definition
| during prophase spindle fibers stretch out between the two pairs of centrioles. |
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Term
| what happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase? |
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Definition
| the nuclear envelope dissolves away into the cytosol. |
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Term
| what occurs during metaphase? |
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Definition
| spindle fibers play tug of war with the chromosomes until they are lined up along the midline of the cell. |
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Term
| what occurs during anaphase? |
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Definition
| spindle fibers shorten and pull the chromatids to opposite poles of the cell, breaking the centromere. |
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Term
| what happens to spindle fibers during telophase? |
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Definition
| during telophase spindle fibers dissolve away back into the cytosol. |
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Term
| what does the nuclear envelope do during telophase? |
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Definition
| the nuclear envelope brought around the chromosome clusters forming a new nucleus. |
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Term
| what happens to the chromosomes during telophase? |
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Definition
| during telophase the chromosomes uncoil and return to the chromatin. |
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Term
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Definition
| an equal division of the cytoplasm. |
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Term
| what does a cleavage furrow do in an animal cell? |
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Definition
| a cleavage furrow develops along the midline, pinching the cell into two. |
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Term
| what happens in a plant cell? |
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Definition
| a cell plate made of cellulose forms along the midline cutting the cell in two. |
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Term
| How does a cell know to enter mitosis? |
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Definition
| a cell knows to enter mitosis because proteins called cyclins graduall increase in concentration throughout the cell cycle and then decrease suddenly as the cell enters mitosis. |
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Term
| what happens when cyclin reaches a certain point? |
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Definition
| when cyclin reaches a certain point the cell begins mitosis and activates enzymes that destroy cyclins. |
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Term
| what resets when mitosis activates enzymes that destroy cyclins? |
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Definition
| when enzymes destroy cyclins this resets the cell's division clock to zero. |
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