Term
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Definition
| the purposeful taking of one's own life; women higher attempts (3x), men higher completion of suicide (4x) |
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Term
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Definition
| clearly and explicitly seek to end their life; may intend to commit suicide for some time, even giving away possessions during this period; most often intentions are fleeting and if prevented they may become ambivalent about will to die |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals who intend to die but believe that they are simply speeding up an inevitable death; ex: a person with a serious illness who commits suicide |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals who intend to end their lives but do not believe this means the end of their existence; may see their death as the beginning of a new and better life; ex: mass suicides but members of religious cults and suicide bombers seeking God's reward |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals who are ambivalent about dying, and take actions that greatly increases their chances of death but do not guarantee they will die; may want attention or may want to make someone else feel guilty more than they want to die; |
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Term
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Definition
| acts in which people indirectly contribute to their own death; may be unconsciously; may be lifestyle choices such as a heart patient continuing to smoke cigs |
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Term
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Definition
| only about 1 in 4 leave notes; suicide notes often reveal the obvious- driven by mental anguish and a sense of futility about going on; most notes are thanking close friends and family and praising those they leave behind, meant to relieve family members from guilt |
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Term
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Definition
| committed by people who feel alienated from others, empty of social contacts, and alone in an unsupportive world; ex: someone with schizophrenia who is completely isolated from society |
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Term
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Definition
| committed by people who experience severe disorientation because a major change in their relationships to society; ex: a man loses his job of 20 years and commits suicide; anomie: a complete confusion of one's role and worth in society |
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Term
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Definition
| committed by people who believe that taking their own lives will benefit society in some way; ex: during Vietnam War, Buddhist monks set themselves on fire to protest |
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Term
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Definition
| when two or more suicides or attempted suicides nonrandomly occur closely together in space or time, most likely occur among people who knew the person who committed suicide, or in a link to a celebrity (ex: Kurt Cobain) |
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Term
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Definition
| phenomenon in which the suicide of a well-known person is linked to the acceptance of suicide by people who closely identify with that individual; idea you can "catch" suicidal intentions or ideas; |
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Term
| Psychological Factors of Suicide |
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Definition
Psychodynamic: suicide is the extreme expression of anger at the love object that has abandoned the person.
Mental Disorders: depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and anxiety disorders all increase risk for suicide.
Impulsivity: general tendency toward impulsive acts.
Cognitive theories: hopelessness and dichotomous thinking increase the risk for suicide. |
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Term
| Biological Theories of Suicide |
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Definition
Genetics: disordered genes increase the risk for suicide, suicidal tendencies run in families.
Neurotransmitters: deficiencies in serotonin lead to impulsive, violent, and suicidal behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| community-based programs available to help people who are highly suicidal deal in the short term with their feelings and then refer them to longer care to mental-health specialists |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of crisis intervention done over the phone |
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Term
| dialectical behavior therapy |
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Definition
| cognitive-behavioral intervention aimed at teaching problem-solving skills, interpersonal skills, and skills at managing negative emotions |
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Term
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Definition
| lithium most consistent at reducing rates(however many people have trouble with the side effects and toxicity); SSRI's reduce impulsive behavior and suicidal behavior (although may increase likelihood of suicide in some people, reasons unknown) |
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Term
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Definition
| mercy killing by medical professional, friend, or family member; illegal in the US but still prominent in many cases |
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Term
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Definition
| supposedly for protection against intruders (Deaths in homes due to guns: .5% intruders, 83% suicide by family member); several studies indicate that strict anti-gun laws reduce suicide rates without w/o increasing deaths via another method |
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