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Definition
| the partial or complete loss of memory for important personal information |
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| accurate encoding takes place automatically, without effort |
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| the inability to remember events and experiences that occurred during the first two or three years of life |
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| a meaningful unit of information; it may be composed of smaller units |
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| an integrated mental network of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations concerning a particular topic or aspect of the world |
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| confusion of an event that happened to someone else with on that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when i never actually happened |
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| the inability to retrieve information stored in memory because of insufficient cues for recall |
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| the theory that information in memory eventually disappears if it is not accessed; it applies better to short-term than to long-term memory |
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Definition
| memories of facts, rule, concepts, and eventual they include semantic and episodic memories |
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| in the encoding of information, the processing of meaning rather than simply the physical or sensory features of a stimulus |
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| to retain complex information, you might have to select main points, label concepts, or associate the information with personal experiences or with material you already know |
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Definition
| association of new information with already stored knowledge and analysis of new information to make it memorable |
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| memories of personally experienced events and the contexts in which they occurred |
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Definition
| conscious, intentional recollection of an event or of an item of information |
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Definition
| the more people think about an imagined event, the more their active imaginations inflate their belief that the event really occurred |
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Definition
| unconscious retention in memory, as evidenced by the effect of previous experience or previously encountered information on current thoughts or actions |
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Term
| Information-Processing of Memory |
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Definition
| models that liken human cognitive processes to the workings of a computer, in which we encode information (convert it to a form that the brain can process and use), store the information (retain it over time), and retrieve the information (recover it for use). In storage, the information may be represented as concepts, propositions, images, or cognitive schemas |
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Definition
| questions asked using words chosen to lead the witness to answer as the questioner wishes |
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Definition
| a long-lasting increase in the strength of synaptic responsiveness, thought to be a biological mechanism of long-term memory |
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Definition
| rote repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory |
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Definition
| the capacity to retain and retrieve information, and the changes in the structures that account for this capacity |
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Definition
| strategies and ticks for improving memory, such as the use of a verse or formula |
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Definition
| the tendency to remember experiences that are consistent with one's current mood and overlook or forget experiences that are not |
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Term
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Definition
| stories that human beings tell |
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Term
| Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) Model |
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Definition
| a model of memory in which knowledge is represented as connections among thousands of interacting processing units, distributed in a vast network, and all operating in parallel |
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Definition
| recall of items in a list will be best for items at the beginning of the list |
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| a method used to measure unconscious cognitive processes, in which a person is exposed to information and is later tested to see whether the information affects behavior or performance on another task or in another situation |
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Definition
| forgetting that occurs when previously stored material interferes with the ability to remember similar, more recently learned material |
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Definition
| memories for performance of actions or skills |
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Term
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Definition
| massive memory loss including loss of personal identity, with psychological causes, such as a need to escape feeling of embarrassment, guilt, shame, or emotional shock |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to retrieve and reproduce from memory previously encountered material |
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Term
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Definition
| recall of items in a list will be best for items at the end of the list |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to identify previously encountered material |
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Definition
| we may reproduce some kinds of simple information by rote, but when we remember complex information, we typically alter it in ways that help us make sense of the material, based on what we already know or think we know |
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Term
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Definition
| a method for measuring retention that compares the time required to relearn material with the time used in the initial learning of the material |
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Term
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Definition
| in psychoanalytic theory, the selective, involuntary pushing of threatening or upsetting information into the unconscious |
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Definition
| items of information that can help us find the specific information we're looking for |
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Definition
| forgetting that occurs when recently learned material interferes with the ability to remember similar material stored previously |
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Term
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| a larger grouping into which similar in some characteristics can be placed; chair, for examples, belongs to the category of furniture |
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Definition
| memories of general knowledge, including facts, rules, concepts, and propositions |
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Definition
| a memory system that momentarily preserves extremely accurate images of sensory information |
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Definition
| the tendency for recall of the first and last items on a list to surpass recall of items in the middle of the list |
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Term
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Definition
| in the encoding of information, the processing of the physical or sensory features of a stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to distinguish an actual memory of an event from information you learned about the event elsewhere |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to remember something when the rememberer is in the same physical or mental state as during the original learning experience |
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Term
| Three-box Model Of Memory |
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Definition
| model that proposes three boxes- the sensory register, short-term, and long- term memory- into which information is places as it is processed by the brain; information can pass from the sensory register to short-term memory and in either direction between short-term and long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary memory loss that allegedly involves the burying of specific traumatic events for a long period of time, often for many years; when the memory returns, it is supposedly immune to the usual processes of distortion and confabulation, and is recalled with perfect accuracy |
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Term
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Definition
| in many models of memory, a memory system comprising of short-term memory plus mental processes that control retrieval of information from long-term memory and interpret that information appropriately for a given task |
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