Term
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Definition
| Perceptions we have of our bodies. |
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Term
| What is a distorted body image? |
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Definition
| A body image inconsistent with reality. |
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Term
| What does body image tend to become? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a a convienent way to determine fatness? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| By dividing one's weight in kilograms by the square of one's height in meters. |
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Term
| People with moderate fatness have the lowest risk of what 4 leading causes of death in the U.S.? |
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Definition
1. Heart disease
2. Cancer
3. Diabetes
4. Stroke |
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Term
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Definition
| fat that is within the abdominal cavity. |
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Term
| Visceral fat seems to be related to the health risk of what 4 things? |
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Definition
1. high blood pressure
2. low HDL's
3. ellevated triglycerides
4. impaired fasting glucose |
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Term
| What is metabolic syndrome? |
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Definition
| When someone meets 3 or more of the criterias of risk because of visceral fat. |
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Term
| In metabloic syndrome, the result of complex endocrine interactions increases the risk of? (4) |
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Definition
1. atheroscelerosis
2. heart disease
3. stroke
4. diabetes mellitus |
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Term
| What BMI's are considered underweight? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the causes of underweight? (6) |
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Definition
1. genetics
2. malabsorption of nutrients
3. metabloic disorders caused by wasting diseases such as cancer
4. Extreme psychological or emotional distress
5. excessive expenditure of energy because of athletics
6. Voluntarily restricting dietary intake as in anorexia nervosa |
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Term
| What may underweight cause? (6) |
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Definition
MALFUNCTIONING OF:
1. adrenal glands
2. pituitary
3. thyroid
4. gonads
5. disruption of menstrual cycle
6. decreased immune system functions |
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Term
| What is wasting syndrome? |
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Definition
| Extreme underweight caused by illness |
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Term
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Definition
| Certain components of body fat that are essential for life. |
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Term
| What is the essential fat in men? |
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Definition
| 3%-8% of their body weight |
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Term
| In women the ocncept of essential fat must be expanded to include gender specific fat in their? (3) |
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Definition
1. breasts
2. pelvic region
3. buttocks |
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Term
| What is the essential fat for women taking into account their gender specific fat? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the healthy levels of total fat range for women? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the apples body type? |
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Definition
| Android body type; biggest around the waist. |
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Term
| What is the pears body type? |
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Definition
| gynoid type; biggest in hips, buttocks, and upper thighs. |
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Term
| What are the waist measurements that put men and women into great risk for various chronic diseases associated with obesity? |
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Definition
1. Men; more than 40 inches
2. Women; more than 35 inches |
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Term
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Definition
| an increase in the number of cells occuring during the growth spurts accompanying normal development. |
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Term
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Definition
| An increase in the size of cells. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is bioelectric impedance analysis? (BIA) |
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Definition
| A method using a mild eletric charge to estimate lean body mass to determine body fat composition. |
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Term
| Genetic influences related to obesity include what 2 hormones? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| It inhibits food intake and regulates long-term appetite. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced by the stomach, increases appetite. |
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Term
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Definition
| A natural level (of some characteristic) that the body regulates or defends. |
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Term
| What leads to body size and compostion in a person? (4) |
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Definition
1. genetic makeup
2. cultural heritage
3. environmental experinces
4. voluntary behavior |
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Term
| Can set points be overidden? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How are set points overidden? |
|
Definition
VOLUNTARY BEHAVIORS:
1. eating
2. exercise |
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Term
| What factors conspire to reduce our levels of lean body mass? (4) |
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Definition
1. ageing
2. sedentary lifestyles
3. wasting caused by illness
4. dieting |
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Term
| Exercise reduces what 3 risk factors? |
|
Definition
1. hypertension
2. CAD
3. diabetes mellitus |
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Term
| How much aerobic exercise benefits health? |
|
Definition
| 30 minutes a day for 3 or more times a week. |
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Term
| To develop fitness, how much aerobic exercise is recommended? |
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Definition
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Term
| A negative body image may influence our? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have a healthy and positive body image we evaluate aspects of opur bodies fairly? |
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Definition
| Realisticly; finding some characteristics positive and others less so. |
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Term
| Most of our evidence of the association between fatness and physical health from? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| greater than 110% of desirable weight |
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Term
|
Definition
| greater than 120% of desirable weight |
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Term
|
Definition
| 15%-20% below weight standards. |
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|
Term
| What serves vital functions such as membrane integrity? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is wasting syndrome most often associated with? (2) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| If more energy is consumed than expended, fat storage will go on until? |
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Definition
| The fat droplets reach maximum size. |
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Term
| What are 2 other methods of assessing fat level? |
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Definition
1. triceps skinfold
2. mid-upper arm circumference |
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Term
| How many calories is a pound of fat? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Energy balance is deteremined by the relationship between? |
|
Definition
| energy intake and energy expenditure |
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|
Term
| What is leptin produced by? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The incidence of obesity is inversely related to? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When do we function best when it comes to eating habits? |
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Definition
| When we eat several times a day spaced between waking hours. |
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