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| The source of the sun's fuel is hydrogen and helium gases. Through a special chemical reaction, called nuclear fusion, the hydrogen gas is "burned" releasing an enormous amount of energy in the form of light and heat. |
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| Catastrophism is the idea that Earth has been affected in the past by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope. |
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A closed system is a system in the state of being isolated from its surrounding environment. It is often used to refer to a theoretical scenario where perfect closure is an assumption, however in practice no system can be completely closed; there are only varying degrees of closure. |
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| A reversible chemical reaction will be at dynamic equilibrium when the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. |
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| preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past |
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| Oxygen in its molecular forms, O2 (normal diatomic oxygen) or O3 (ozone), uncombined with other elements. Free oxygen is a requirement of all aerobic organisms and its copious presence in a planetary atmosphere is diagnostic of the presence of life. |
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| Heat from Radioactive Decay |
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| This is when the radiation interacts with materials and the energy of the alpha, beta or gamma radiation is converted into the thermal movement of atoms. |
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