Term
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Definition
| Combined effect of two drugs is equal to sum of each drug given alone (1 + 1 = 2) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that bind with a receptor to produce a therapeutic response |
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Term
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Definition
| immediate hypersensitive reaction by the immune system, it presents as itching, hives, swelling, difficulty breathing; see hypersensitivity; see also anaphy-lactic shock |
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Term
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Definition
| ( also called anaphylactic reaction or anaphylactoid reaction): sudden, severe hypersensitivity reaction with symptoms that progress rapidly and may result in death if not treated |
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Term
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Definition
| localized wheals or swellings in subcutaneous tissues or mucous membranes, which may be due to an allergic response; also called angioneurotic edema |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that join with a receptor to prevent the action of an agonist |
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Term
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Definition
| molecule with the ability to bind to a specific anti-gen; responsible for the immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that is capable of inducing a specific immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which the body changes a drug to a more or less active form that can be excreted |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that have the potential for abuse and dependency, both physical and psychological |
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Term
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Definition
| when the body is unable to metabo-lize and excrete one dose of a drug before the next is given |
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Term
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Definition
| any unusual or abnormal response that differs from the response normally expected to a specific drug and dosage |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased response to a drug, requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect |
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Term
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Definition
| action by which an oral drug is absorbed and carried directly to the liver, where it is inactivated by enzymes before it enters the general bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| time required for the body to eliminate 50% of a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| type of complementary/ alternative therapy that uses plants or herbs to treat various disorders; also called herbalism |
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Term
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Definition
| undesirable reaction produced by a normal immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| inactive form of the original drug |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that are designated by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) to be safe ( if taken as directed) and obtainable without a prescription, also called over- the- counter ( OTC) drugs; may be pur-chased in various settings, such as a pharmacy, drugstore, or supermarket |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the phase during which a drug dissolves in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the drug mechanisms that pro-duce biochemical or physiologic changes in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| study of how people’s responses are variable to medications due to individual genetic variation. |
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Term
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Definition
| study of body mechanisms ( or activity) after a drug is administered; these mechanisms include absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion |
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Term
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Definition
| study of drugs and their actinos on living organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| habitual use of a drug, where negative physical withdrawal symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation |
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Term
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Definition
| taking a large number of different drugs ( may be prescribed or over- the- counter drugs) |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs the federal government has desig-nated as potentially harmful unless their use is supervised by a licensed health care provider, such as a nurse practi-tioner, physician, or dentist |
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Term
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Definition
| compulsion or craving to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience |
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Term
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Definition
| a reactive site on the surface of a cell; when a drug binds to and interacts with the recep-tor, a pharmacologic response occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| action that occurs when two substances ( drugs) interact to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions |
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Term
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Definition
| drug or substance that causes abnormal develop-ment of the fetus, leading to deformities |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the DEA |
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Definition
| to monitor prescription practes of the primary care provider for controlled substances |
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Term
|
Definition
| Federal Drug Administration |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the FDA |
|
Definition
responsible for protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation, and by regulating the manufacture, marketing, and distribution of tobacco products.
The FDA is also responsible for advancing the public health by helping to speed innovations that make medicines and foods more effective, safer, and more affordable; and helping the public get the accurate, science-based information they need to use medicines and foods, and to reduce tobacco use to improve health |
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Term
| Describe the 5 catagories for controlled substances |
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Definition
| Schedule I, II, III, IV, V |
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Term
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Definition
| High potential for abuse. Severe physical or psychological dependence. No accepted medicinal use in the US |
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Term
|
Definition
| High potential for abused, severe physical or psychological dependence. Accepted medicinal use with specific restrictions |
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Term
| Give examples of schedule II drugs |
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Definition
| Opium, codeine, morphine, amphetamines, Ritalin. |
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Term
| Give examples of Schedule I drugs |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Define Schedule III drugs |
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Definition
| Moderate potential for abuse, severe physical or psychological dependence |
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Term
| Give an example of Schedule III drugs |
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Definition
| Paregoric, Codeine combinations, Seconal |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lower potential for abuse than Schedule III. Limited psychological and physical dependence |
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Term
| Give examples of Scedule IV drugs |
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Definition
| Darvon, Valium, Ativan, Halcion |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lower potential for abuse. Abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence. |
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Term
| Give example of Schedule V drugs |
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Definition
| Preparations containing limited quantities of narcotics like cough syrups, anti-diarrheal medications like Lomotil, Parepectolin |
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Term
| Identify responsibility related to controlled substances |
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Definition
| Storage, documentation, ordering, prescriptions, disposal/waste, loss or theft. |
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Term
| What are the 5 catagories of drug use during pregnacy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| no evidence of risk in humans, animal studies show risk |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| positive evidence of risk to human fetus, used in serious disease only |
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Term
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Definition
| use contraindicated in pregnancy |
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Term
| Drugs administered during the first trimester: May cause _______ effects |
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Definition
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Term
| Addictive drug use will mean children born with __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| For pregnant women, most drugs are __________ unless benefits outweigh risks |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Identify the different names assigned to drugs |
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Definition
| Chemical; generic; official; trade or brand name |
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Term
Identifies the exact chemical compound of a medication and its molecular structure: 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)proprionic acid
A) Chemical
B) Trade/brand
C) generic |
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Definition
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Term
The name given when a manufacturer first proposes it to the FDA for approval: ibuprofen, acetaminophen
A) Chemical
B) Trade/brand
C) generic |
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Definition
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|
Term
A drug name owned by a specific manufacturer: Motrin, Tylenol
A) Chemical
B) Trade/brand
C) generic |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Give an example of a chemical drug name |
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Definition
| 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)proprionic acid |
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Term
| Give an example of a trade name |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Give an example of a generic name |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the secondary complications of drug therapy |
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Definition
| side effects, adverse reactions, toxicity |
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Term
| What side effects of drugs |
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Definition
| predictable, less toxic outcomes |
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Term
| What is an adverse reaction of a drug |
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Definition
| an unpredicatble, undesireable effect |
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Term
| What can a toxicity effect |
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Definition
| possible death or destruction |
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Term
| What factors can influence drug response |
|
Definition
Allergic drug reactions
Drug idiosyncrasy
Drug tolerance
Cumulative drug effect
Toxic reactions
Pharmacogenetic reactions |
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Term
| Allergic drug reaction is also known as |
|
Definition
| hypersensativity reaction |
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|
Term
Usually begins after more than one dose of the drug is given; body views drug as antigen
A) Drug idiosyncrasy
B) Cumulative drug effect
C) Allergic drug reaction
D) Toxic Reaction |
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Definition
| c- allergic drug reaction |
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Term
| What are signs & symptoms of a drug reaction |
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Definition
| Itching; skin rashes; hives; wheezing; cyanosis; sudden loss of consciousness; swelling of eyes, lips, or tongue |
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Term
|
Definition
| A bluish color of the skin and the mucous membranes due to insufficient oxygen in the blood |
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Term
| What can occur if an allergic reaction occurs too quickly or is not controlled |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is anaphylactic shock |
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Definition
| hypotension and shock; angioedema |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
is a swelling, similar to hives, but the swelling is
beneath the skin rather than on the surface. The hives are called
welts. It is also possible to have angioedema without hives |
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Term
|
Definition
| Unusual, abnormal reaction to drug; different from expected reaction |
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Term
| What is thought to be the cause of drug idiosyncrasy |
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Definition
| Believed to be due to genetic deficiency |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decreased response to a drug: Requires increased dosage for desired effect |
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Term
| What could cause Drug Tolerance |
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Definition
| a drug taken for a long time |
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Term
| Define Cumulative Drug Effect |
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Definition
| Body is unable to metabolize and excrete one dose of drug before next dose is given |
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Term
| Cumulative drug effects occurs in wht kind of patients |
|
Definition
| Patients with liver and kidney disease |
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Term
| What action is taken with cumulative drug effects |
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Definition
| Dose lowered to prevent toxic drug reaction |
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Term
|
Definition
| Drug is administered in large dosages; blood concentration levels exceed therapeutic levels |
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Term
| What action do you take to Reverse drug toxicity |
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Definition
| Administer another drug as antidote; monitor drugs with low safety margin |
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Term
|
Definition
| One drug interacts and interferes with the action of another drug |
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Term
| What are the effects of drug interactions |
|
Definition
| Additive; synergistic; antagonistic |
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|
Term
| What are the various forms and routes for drug administration. Put in order of most rapid results |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors are considered for drug interactions |
|
Definition
| age, weight, gender, disease, route |
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Term
| A drug-t-drug interaction occurs... |
|
Definition
| occurs when one drug interacts with or interferes with the action of another drug. |
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Term
| Drugs known to cause interactions in a drug-to drug interaction are |
|
Definition
| oral antico-agulants, oral hypoglycemics, anti- infectives, antiarrhythmics, cardiac glycosides, and alcohol. |
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|
Term
| Drug– drug interactions can produce effects that are ... |
|
Definition
| additive, synergistic, or antagonistic. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Food may impair or enhance absorption. |
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|
Term
| A drug taken on an empty stomach is __________ in the blood stream more quickly. It achieves optimal effect. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Give an example of a drug that must be taken on an empty stomach. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is captopril used for? When should it be administered? |
|
Definition
| to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It should be administered 1h before meals or 2h after meals. |
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Term
| What are the effects of a drug that can irritate when taken on an empty stomach |
|
Definition
| nausea or vomiting, or cause epigastric distress |
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|
Term
| Give exam-ples of drugs that are given with food to decrease epigastric distress. |
|
Definition
| non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs and salicylates |
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|
Term
| Certain drugs should not be combined with food. What does this form? What is the outcome of this formation? |
|
Definition
| an insoluble food– drug mixture. An unabsorbable drug and not pharmacologically effective |
|
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Term
| Give an example of adrug-food mixture |
|
Definition
| when tetracycline is administered with dairy products. |
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Term
|
Definition
| any event or activity that can cause a patient to receive the wrong dose, the wrong drug, a drug by the wrong route, or a drug given at the wrong time |
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Term
|
Definition
| drug administration route in which the patient inhales the drug orally or nasally |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the dermis area within the upper layers of the skin |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| recommendation that gloves and/ or other protective gear be worn when touching any blood or body fluids, mucous membranes, or any broken skin area; also see Universal Precautions |
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Term
|
Definition
| under the skin or dermis layer in the fatty tissue layer. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| system of drug delivery by which a drug order is filled and medication dispensed to fill each medication order( s) for a 24- hour period; each drug dose ( unit) is dis-pensed in a package labeled with the drug name and dosage |
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Term
|
Definition
| method of intramuscular drug injection preventing leakage onto subcutaneous or skin tissues, used when a drug is highly irritating to subcutaneous tissues or has the ability permanently to stain the skin |
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Term
| What is the process to plan for a patient with a potential drug interaction. |
|
Definition
| Consult appropriate references and hospital pharmacist, Observe patients, report, use judgement, accurately observe and evaluate circumstance, record |
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|
Term
| What is drug abuse and how does it effect health professionals |
|
Definition
Personal impact
Professional impact
Ethical considerations
Legal considerations |
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|
Term
| What are the common signs of drug abuse |
|
Definition
Changes in weight, sleep habits, vitals, appearance, friends
Impaired memory, Illogical thinking, mood swings, defensiveness, anxiety, overreaction
Runny nose, nasal stuffiness, blood shot eyes, sweating
Excessive absences school or work |
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|
Term
| Identify the 6 rights of medication administration |
|
Definition
Right Drug
Right Dose
Right Time
Right Route
Right Patient
Right Documentation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Identofy by bracelet and ask the patient to state their name |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compares medication, container label, and medication record as the item is removed from the cart, compared to the Medication Administration Record ( MAR) and before the actual administration of the drug |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the 3 systems of measurement used in measuring drugs |
|
Definition
| Metric, Household, Apothecary |
|
|
Term
| Memorize different systems of measurement |
|
Definition
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