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the view that psychology
1.) should be an objective science that
2.) studies behavior w/o reference to mental processes. Most research pschologiests today agree with (1) but not with (2) |
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| Historically significant perspective that emphazided the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth. |
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| The interdisciplineary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (incl perception, thinking, memory, and language) |
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| The science of behavior and mental processes |
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| the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising fromthe interaction of nature and nurture. |
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| The differing complementary views from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon. |
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| an integrated approach that incorporates bioogical, psychological and social-cultural levels of anaysis. |
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| How the body and brain enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences. |
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| How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes |
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| How much our genes and our environment ifluence our individual differences. |
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| How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts |
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| HOw we learn observable responses |
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| How we encode process, store and retrieve information |
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| How behavior and thining vary across situations and cultures. |
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| Pure science that aims to increase hte scientific knowledge base |
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| Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems. |
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| A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school,work,or marriage) and in achieving greater well being. |
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| A branch of psychoogy that studies,assesses and treats people with psychological disorders. |
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| A branch of medicine dealing with psychologial disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example: drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy. |
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| The tendency to belice, after learning an outcome, that we would have forseen it. |
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| Thinking that does not blindy accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. |
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| an explination using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. |
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| A testable prediction,often implied by a theory |
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| A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. For example,human intelligence may be operationally defined as "what an intelligence test measures". |
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| repeating the essence of a research study,usually with different participants in differnet situations, to see wheather the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances. |
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| An observation technique in which one person is studies in depth in the hope of revealing univeral principles. |
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| A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usualy by questioning a representative, random sample of the group |
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| all the cases in a group being studied from which samples may be drawn. |
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| a sample that farily represents a popuation because each member has an equal chance of incusion |
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| Observing and recording behavior in naturay occuring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation. |
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| the extent to which two factors vary together and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. THe correlation coefficient is the mathematical expression of the relationship, ranging from-1 to +1 |
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| The perception of a reationship where none exists |
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| a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependant variable). By random assignment of participants the experimenter aims tocontrol other relevant factors. |
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| Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance,thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups. |
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| in an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment,that is,toone version of the independent variable |
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| in an experiment, the group that is not exposed ot the treatment: contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. |
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| an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the resarch staff are ignorant about wheather the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Comonly used in drug evaluation studies. |
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| Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behvior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent. |
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| The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose efect is being studied |
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| the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the interdependent variable |
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| The enduring behaviors,ideas,attitudes,and traditons shared by a gorupof people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
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a study method incorporating five steps
1. survey
2. question
3. read
4. rehearse
5. review |
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| Established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig Germany |
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| In which area of psychology would you place a researcher who studies how our learning and memory skills can be improved? |
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| higher levels of friendliness are associated with lower levels of physical health. |
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| A negative correlation between people's physical health and their friendliness would indicate that: |
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| Calculate the median, mode, and range for the following distribution of numbers: 3,5,2,6,1,6 |
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| an operational definition |
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| If a researcher decided to measure student "happiness" by counting how many times students smile each day, their happiness definition would be: |
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| Which of the following is NOT a measure of Central Tendency? |
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| If you want to know the "central tendency" of the income of every family in the United States, which of the follwing would give you the most accurate measure? |
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| In order to focus on inner sensations, images, and feelings, Wilhelm Wundt used a research tool known as |
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| Never explain the research after the participation is completed |
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| Which of the following is not among the ethical guidelines that reseachers involving human participants need to follow? |
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| The _____ is a measure of ______. |
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