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Chapter 1 Matter in Motion
measuring motion, forces, friction & Gravity
22
Physics
8th Grade
10/01/2007

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Term
MOTION
Definition
an objects change in position realtive to a reference point
Term
SPEED
Definition
The distance traveled divided by the time taken for motion to occur
Term
Label for Speed
Definition
meters per second

m/s
Term
VELOCITY
Definition
speed of an object in a particular direction
Term
ACCELERATION
Definition
rate at which velocity changes over time
Term
FORMULA FOR ACCELERATION
Definition
Final velocity - initial velocity
__________________________________

Time Taken
Term
Label for ACCELERATION
Definition
meters per second per second

m/s/s
Term
FORCE
Definition
a push or pull exerted on an objet in order to change the motion of the object; has size and direction
Term
NEWTON
Definition
the SI unit for force. Symbol=N
Term
NET FORCE
Definition
the combination of all forces acting on an object
Term
BALANCED FORCE
Definition
net force = 0 newtons
does not cause change in motion of object
ex. house of cards
light hanging from ceiling
Term
UNBALANCED FORCE
Definition
net force NOT = to 0 newtons
causes a change in motion, speed &/or direction of object
ex. kicking a ball
Term
FRICTION
Definition
a force that opposes motion between 2 surfaces that are in contact
Term
KINETIC FRICTION
Definition
friction between moving surfaces
Term
2 FACTORS THAT AFFECT FRICTION
Definition
1. amount of force applied

2. roughness of surfaces in contact
Term
SLIDING KINETIC FRICTION
Definition
kinetic friction where the 2 surfaces slide past eachother

ex. pushing a box across the floor
Term
ROLLING KINETIC FRICTION
Definition
one surface rolling over the other usually via wheels.

ex. bicycle
any mode of transportation w/
wheels
Term
STATIC FRICTION
Definition
when a force is applied to an object but the object DOES NOT move.

*this disappears as soon as the object begins to move*
Term
LUBRICANT
Definition
substances applied to surfaces to reduce friction between the 1 surfaces
Term
GRAVITY
Definition
force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses
Term
LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION
Definition
*describes the relationship between gravitational force, mass and distance
*Isaac Newton
*force increases as mass increases
*force decreases as distance increases
Term
WEIGHT
Definition
measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; value can change depending on location of the object in the universe
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