Reflective Practice

Deweys View of Education

Careful Consideration of ones belief and knowledge as a precursor to practice.  PG 2

Discontinuity

Discontinuing a certain behavior

Continuity

Continuing a certain behavior

Freuds Personality Theory

ID

We are all born with ID

goes with Oral Stage

Biological sence of self

pursue fulfillment of physical needs

Driven by Pleasure Principal

Freud Personality Theory

Ego

Begins to develope a cognitive and physical skills emerge.

Anal Stage of Psychosexual stages

Rational and Realistic self begins to take shape

Operates under Reality Principal - having an understanding of the world and the behavioral consequeces

Freuds Personality Theory

Super Ego

Feeling guilt when you misbehave

follows The Psychosexual stage

Phallic

Complexities of the relationships and conflicts rise among  the id, ego and super ego, are a resul of the individuals experiences during these stages.

Changes in the id and its energy levels initiated in each new sage.

Freuds Psychosexual Stages

Stage 1: Oral

Corresponds to the first year of life.

Drives satisfying to the mouth

The term Oral fixation was adapted from this stage.

Freuds Psychosexual Stage

Stage 2: Anal

Begins in the second year in life

Focuses the anal area being the greatest pleasure.

Anal fixation and Anal personality refer back to this stage and parents being overcontrolling about potty training.

Lasts until the age of five

Erickson - Neo Freudian

de emphisized the id as the driving force behind all behavior

Emphasized a more rationalal heory behind the ego.

His theory is focused on explaining the psychosexual aspects of behavior, attitudes and feelings towards oe self and others.

Erickson Personality Theories - The Eight Stages of Man: Stage 1

Trust Versus Mistrust

Child developes a sense that the world is rus worthy

Birth to 1 year

Finding Hope

Negaive - Fear and Mistrust

Ericksos Personality Theory - Stage 2

Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt

1 - 3 years

Child developes a sense of independece based on use of mental and motor skills.

Finding Willpower

Negative - Self Doubt

Ericksons Stages of Developement: Stage 3

Initiative vs Guilt

3 - 5 somtime 6 years of age

Child tries to behave in more grown up roles and responsibilities.

Finding a Purpose

Negative - Guilt over thoughts and mis actions

Ericksons Stage of Developement - Stage 4

Industry vs Inferiority

6 - 12 years of age

Learn important academic skills and show comparison to peers

Competence

Lack of Competence

Ericksons Stage of Developement - Stage 5

Identity vs Role Confusion

Age 12 - 20

Adolescent mus move owards adulhood by making choices about values, vocationalal goals, etc.

Ericksons Stage of Developement - Stage 6

Intamacy vs Isolation

Fidelity

Inability to esablish Sence of Self

Young Adulhood

Becomes willing to share identiy with others and to commit to affiliation and partnerships.

Love

Fear of Intamacy

Ericksons Stage of Developement - Stage 7

Generativity vs Stagnation

Middle Adulthood

Adul wishes to make contribution to he next generation, by producing, metoring and creatig sthing of lasting value, rearing of children, community service, career.

Care

Self-absorbed

Ericksons Stage of Developement - Stage 8

Ego Integrity vs Despair

Adult comes to term wih life success, failures and missed opportunities.

Wisdom

Regret

Piaget's Cognitive Developement Theory

Influence of 18h century Philospher Jean- Jaques Rousseau

who argues tha childrens reasoning and understanding emerges naurally in stages and that parents and educators can help most by allowing childen a certain amount of freedom.

Piaget's Cognitive Developement Theory

 - Sensorimotor Stage

Birth to 2 years of age

Thru six substages the source of infans organized actions gradually shifts, at firs all organized behavior is reflexsive - automaically triggered by paticular stimuli. By the end of this stage behavior is guided by represential thought.

Piaget's Cognitive Developement Theory - Stage 2

Preoperational thought

2 to 6 or 7 years of age

Thinking is not yet logical

Thought is centered around salient piece of informatio

Piaget's Cognitive Developement Theory -

Stage 3 - Cocrete Operational Thought

7 - 11 or 12

Thinking is gradually more rapid and efficient, allowing children to think about more then one thing at a time. Discover logical relationships between information.

Piaget's Cognitive Developement Theory -

Stage 4 - Formal Operational Thought

Logical thinking exteds now to formal or absract material.

12 years of age through adulthood

Learning theories

Have a distinguished history in Psychology, having been the most widely accepted class of theories through much of he 20th century. Influenced many thinkers John B Watson ad BF Skiner, being wo examples.

Conditioned Stimulis

meanig that it can cause the person to react in the same way in the future.

Ex. a dog attacks you may be relucant to approach that dog again

These explain and decribe the enormous complexity of inerrelated casual process' in developement.

Layers and levels of ieracting causes in developement

Early versions of his theory, many levels of environment tha influece a pesons developement.

Babies iteract wih family members, bu as they ge older they get inroduced to other microsystems such as school

Brofenbrenner Bioecological Theory -

Meso systems

Relations to microsystems

Interactions with teachers, parents

Brofenbrenner Bioecological Theory -

Exosystem

Settings that children do not direcly interact but will influence that child reguardless.

Ex. a teachers family life

race roots back to Lev Vygotsky

cogniive developement may be qualitive different in different cultures

Approach to developmental change ha i rooed back to Piaget.

Individuals are not passive receptors of information who acquire knowledge via external information.

vulnorabilities and environmental stressors

These can interfer with a healthy outcome

different earlier developmetal pathways can produce simular oucomes

Ex. research on ADHD, has led to what we know today.

Closely linked to Psychopathology

design and testing prevention and intervention techniques for promoing health development in at risk groups.

designing and testing effective intervention strategies

Primary Prevention

How is it defined

Improve life course outcomes

opperate more indirectly

Developmentally appropriate approaches

multidimensional approach to problem prevention

sensitive to culural differences

focus more on general problem solving

srenghened by the use of preoriented strategies

programs that operate over several years.