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| The scientific study of behavior and mental processes affected by an internal and external environment |
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| Observable actions in which the subject adjusts to its environment |
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| Aristotle, taken by British Empiricists- question authority |
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A false science
-testimonials
-simple explanations for a complex answer |
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-Joseph Gall
-19th Century
-Bumps on the skull linked to character traits |
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-Authority
-Observation
-Deductive Reasoning
-Inductive Reasoning
-Inference |
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-Ask questions
-Examine the evidence
-Consider other interpretations
-Tolerate uncertainty |
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| describe, explain, predict, control |
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-Dualist
-Only humans feel pain |
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-Monist
-Nurture
-Tabula Rasa
-British Empiricist |
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| Evolution and general processes |
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-First person to call himself a psychologist
-First formal laboratory (1879) in Leipzig, Germany
-Sensation and Perception
-Structure of mental experience-sensation, feelings, memories, dreams, and images: broken down into these categories.
-Taught Edward Titcher |
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-Open to new ideas and theories
-Worked at Harvard University in 1890
-We should study what we do, not what we think
-Pragmatism
-Stream of Consciousness (can't compartmentalize thoughts) |
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-Contents of the mind and concept of “reductionism”
-All human mental experience can be understood as a combination of simple elements or events |
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Thought of by Socrates:
Introspection- self examination, questioning your assumptions
-Taught his students to question everything- including authority
-Elders and politicians ultimately killed him for teaching young people to question authority |
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| William James took the idea of natural selection and said that adapted behaviors are obtained and the stronger species with this adapted behavior will survive. |
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| Studied mentally disturbed patients used observations on normal students, unconscious thoughts thrive in our every day actions |
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Elements of the personality
-Id
-Superego
-Ego
Levels of consciousness
-Conscious awareness
-Preconscious awareness
-Unconscious awareness |
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-Pioneered the behaviorist perspective
-Argued that psychological research should seek the laws that govern observable behavior across species |
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| Extended the influence of behaviorism by expanding its analysis to the consequences of behaviors. |
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-experimentation with variables being manipulated and change in behavior being observed
-Founded by John Watson
-BF Skinner brought it to where it is today
-Primary Assumption: Environment= causal factor for behavior |
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| relationship of mental and neural activity, he proposed circuits of neural activity |
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| Sociocultural Perspective |
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| Assumptions of the various perspectives in psychology |
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| Studied memory, used himself as a subject of his own studies- memorized long lists, 90% of all information will be forgotten in 30 days |
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| The belief that we are born without knledge or skills and that experience, in the form of human learning, etches messages on the blank tablet or tabula rsa of the infant's unformed mind. Believed in Nurture rather than Nature to the extreme. |
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