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Chapter 1 Definitions
Definition Flash Cards for Chapter 1 of Biology: Concepts and Applications 8e
58
Biology
Undergraduate 2
02/10/2011

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Term
Biology
Definition
The Scientific Study of Life
Term
Atom
Definition
Fundamental Building Block of All Matter
Term
Biosphere
Definition
All Regions of Earth where organisms live.
Term
Cell
Definition
Smallest Unit of Life
Term
Community
Definition
All populations of all species living in a given area
Term
ecosystem
Definition
A community interacting with its environment
Term
emergent property
Definition
A characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of the system's component parts
Term
molecule
Definition
An association of two or more atoms.
Term
organ
Definition
In multicelled organisms, a grouping of tissues engaged in a collective task.
Term
organism
Definition
Individual that consists of one or more cells
Term
organ system
Definition
In multicelled organisms, set of organs engaged in a collective task that keeps the body functioning properly
Term
population
Definition
Group of individuals of the same species that live in a given area
Term
tissue
Definition
In multicelled organisms, specialized cells organized in a patter that allows them to perform a collective function
Term
consumer
Definition
organism that gets energy and nutrients by feeding on tissues, wastes, or remains of other organisms
Term
development
Definition
Multistep process by which the first cell of a new individual becomes a multicelled adult.
Term
DNA
Definition
Deoxyribonucleic acid; carries hereditary information that guides growth and development
Term
Energy
Definition
The capacity to do work
Term
Growth
Definition
In multicelled species, an increase in the number, size, and volume of cells
Term
homeostasis
Definition
set of processes by which an organism keeps its internal conditions within tolerable ranges.
Term
inheritance
Definition
Transmission of DNA from parents to offspring.
Term
Nutrient
Definition
Substance that an organism needs for growth and survival, but cannot make for itself
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
Process by which producers use light energy to make sugars from CO2 and H2O
Term
Producer
Definition
Organism that makes its own food using energy and simple raw materials from the environment
Term
Reproduction
Definition
Processes by which parents produce offspring.
Term
Animal
Definition
Multicelled consumer that develops through a series of stages and moves about during part or all of its life cycle
Term
archaean
Definition
Member of a group of single-celled organisms that differ from bacteria.
Term
Bacterium
Definition
Member of a large group of single-celled organisms.
Term
biodiversity
Definition
Variation among living organisms
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
Organism whose cells characteristically have a nucleus
Term
fungus
Definition
Type of eukaryotic consumer that obtains nutrients by digestion and absorption outside of the body.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Double-membraned sac that encloses a cell's DNA.
Term
Plant
Definition
A multicelled, typically photosynthetic producer
Term
Protist
Definition
Member of a diverse group of simple eukaryotes.
Term
Genus
Definition
A group of species that share a unique set of traits; also the first part of a species name
Term
Species
Definition
A type of organism
Term
Specific epithet
Definition
Second part of a species name
Term
Taxon
Definition
Linnaean category; a group of organisms
Term
Taxonomy
Definition
The science of naming and classifying species
Term
Control Group
Definition
In an experiment, group of individuals who are not exposed to the independent variable that is being tested.
Term
Critical thinking
Definition
Judging information before accepting it
Term
Data
Definition
Experimental Results
Term
Deductive reasoning
Definition
Using a general idea to make a conclusion about a specific case
Term
dependent variable
Definition
In an experiment, variable that is presumably affected by the independent variable being tested
Term
experiment
Definition
A test designed to support or falsify a prediction.
Term
experimental group
Definition
In an experiment, group of individuals who are exposed to an independent variable .
Term
hypothesis
Definition
Testable explanation of a natural phenomenon.
Term
independent variable
Definition
variable that is controlled by an experimenter in order to explore its relationship to a dependent variable.
Term
inductive reasoning
Definition
Drawing a conclusion based on observation
Term
model
Definition
Analogous system used for testing hypotheses.
Term
prediction
Definition
Statement, based on a hypothesis, about a condition that should exist if the hypothesis is correct.
Term
Science
Definition
Systematic study of the observable world
Term
Scientific method
Definition
Making, testing, and evaluating hypotheses.
Term
Variable
Definition
In an experiment, a characteristic or event that differs among individuals or over time.
Term
Probability
Definition
The chance that a particular outcome of an event will occur; depends on the total number of outcomes possible.
Term
Sampling error
Definition
Difference between results derived from testing an entire group of events or individuals, and results derive from testing a subset of the group.
Term
Statistically Significant
Definition
Refers to a result that is statistically unlikely to have occurred by chance.
Term
Law of Nature
Definition
Generalization that describes a consistent natural phenomenon for which there is incomplete scientific explanation.
Term
Scientific Theory
Definition
Hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of rigorous testing.
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