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Chapter 1-3
Test 1
63
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
09/23/2009

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Term
Industrial/organizational pyschology
Definition
branchof psychology that applies the principles of psychology to the workplace
Term
scientist-practitioner model
Definition
I/O psychologists conduct research work with actual organizations and apply research findings so that the work they perform with organizations will be of high quality and enhance an organizations effectiveness
Term
personnel psychology
Definition
study and practice in such areas as analyzing jobs, recruiting applicants, selecting employyes, determining salary levels, training employees, and evaluating employee performance
Term
human factors
Definition
concentrarte on workplace design, human-machine interaction, ergonomics, and physical fatigue and stress
Term
Hawthorne effect
Definition
employees changed their behavior and became more productive becuase they were being studied and recieved attention from their managers, a condition that is called
Term
Graduate Record Exam (GRE)
Definition
the graduate school version of the Scholastic Aptitude Test, SAT
Term
terminal master's degree programs
Definition
do not have PH.D progams, and a master's degree is the highest that can be earned at such schools
Term
dissertation
Definition
broader in schope, longer, adn requires more original and independent effor than a thesis
Term
hypothesis
Definition
an educated prediction about the answer to a question
Term
theory
Definition
previous research or logic
Term
journals
Definition
consist of articles written by researchers directly reporting the results of a study
Term
Bridge publications
Definition
are designed to "bridge the gap" between academia and the applied world.  Articles in these publications are usually written by professors about a topic of interest to practitioners, but they are not as formal or statistically complex as articles in journals
Term
trade magazines
Definition
conatin articles usually written by professional writers who have developed expertise in a given field the main audience for trade magazines is practitioners in teh firled they present the research on a topic in an easy to understand format; do not cover all the research on a topic and can be somewhat biased
Term
magazines
Definition
periodicals designed to entertaina s well as inform
Term
external validity or generalizability
Definition
saying that research must be done in a labortory
Term
field research
Definition
gains in external validity it loses in control of extraneous variables taht are not of interenst to the researcher
Term
informed consent
Definition
pyschologists require that subjects participate in studies of their own free will
Term
institutional review boards
Definition
monitor research to ensure ethical treatment of research participates
Term
cause-and-effect relationships
Definition
expermiental method is the most powerful of all reserach methods becuase it is the only one that can determine__________
Term
experiment
Definition
important to know whether one variable produces or causes another varialbe to change, then the _______ is theo nly method that should be used
Term
independent variable
Definition
researcher intentionally manipulates one or more aspects of the question of interest
Term
dependent variable
Definition
the changes that occur as a result of that manipulation
Term
quasi-experiments
Definition
when researschs do not use experiments
Term
archival research
Definition
involves using previously collected data or records to answer a research question
Term
mean effect size
Definition
indicates the effectiveness of some variable
Term
correlation coefficients
Definition
are used as the effect size when researchers are interested in teh relationship between two variables, and the majority of studies use correlation as their statistical test
Term
difference score
Definition
used as the effect size when researchers are looking at the difference between two groups
Term
practical significance
Definition
"rules of thumbs"
Term
random sample
Definition
to obtain the best research results, it is essential to use a __________ so taht the sample will be as representative as possible
Term
convenience sample
Definition
becuase obtaining random samples is very difficult many studies use __________ and then randomly assign subjects to the various experimental conditions
Term
random assignment
Definition
each subject in a nonrandom sample is randomly assigned to a particular experimtal condtion
Term
debriefed
Definition
told the purpose of the experiment and be given a chance to ask questiosn about her participation
Term
correlation
Definition
statisitcal procedure that enables a researcher to determine the relationship between two varialbes
Term
intervening variable
Definition
third variable, often accounts for the relationship between two variables
Term
Peter Principle
Definition
promoting employees until they eventually reach their highest level of incompetence
Term
job analysts
Definition
become aware of certain problems within an organization
Term
job analsys interview
Definition
for example, an employee may indicate that she does not know how she is evaluated or to whom she is supposed to report
Term
job specifications or competencies
Definition
these are the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) (such as interest, personality, training) that are necessary to be successful on the job
Term
subject-matter experts (SMEs)
Definition
employees, supervisors meet to generage the tasks performed, the conditions under which they are performed and the KSAOs needed to perform them
Term
SME confernece
Definition
a larger number of employees are interviewd together
Term
observations
Definition
are useful to job analysis methods, expecially when used in conjunction with other methods such as interviews
Term
job participation
Definition
one can analyze a job by actually performing it
Term
task inventory
Definition
include the task statements
Term
task analysis
Definition
using a group of SMEs to rate each task statement on the frequency and the importance or criticality of the task being performed
Term
determining essentail KSAOs
Definition

knowledge

skill

ability

personality, willingness

interest

motication

years of experience

Term
knowledge
Definition
a body of information needed to perform a task
Term
skill
Definition
proficiency to perofrm a learned task
Term
ability
Definition
basic capacity for performing a wide range of different tasks, acquiring a knowledge, or developing a skill
Term
Position Analysis Questionarire (PAQ)
Definition
a structured instrument developed at Purdue Univeristy by McCormick, Jeannerer, and Mecham conatins 194 items organizewd into six main dimensions, information input, mental processes, work outpu, relationships with other persons, job context, and other job-related variables such as work schedules, pay and responsibility
Term
Job Structure Profile
Definition
include item content and style, new items to increase the discriminatory power of the intellectual and decision-making dimensions, and an emphasis on having a job analyst, rather than the incumbent us
Term
Job Elements Inventory (JEI)
Definition
developed by Cornelius and Hakel contains 153 items and ahs a readability level appropriate for an employee with only a tenth-grade education
Term
Functional Job Anylisis (FJA)
Definition
designed by Fine as a quick method that could be used by the federal government to analyze and compare thousands of jobs jobs anaylzed by the FJA are broken down into the percenatge of time the incumbent spends on three functions: data people and things
Term
Job Components Inventory (JCI)
Definition
consitst of more than 400 questions covering five major categories: tools and equipment, perceptual and physical requirements, mathematical requirments, communication requirements and decision making and responsibilty it is th eonly job analysis method containing a detailed section on tools and equipment
Term
ergonomic job analysis procedure AET
Definition
primarly concerend with the relationship between the worker and work objects a 216 item standardized questionaire that analyzes a job along the dimensiosn
Term
Occupational information network (ONET)
Definition
the national job analysis system created by the federal government to replace teh Dictionary of Occupationsal Titles a major advancement in understanding the nature of work
Term
Critical Incident Technique (CIT)
Definition
developed and first used by John Flanagana nd his students ant the University of Pittsburg used to discover actual incidents of job behavior that make the difference between a job's successful or unseccessful performance
Term
Threshold Traits Analysis (TTA)
Definition
developed by Lopez, Kesselman, and Lopez method is available by hiring only a particular consulting firm questionairs 33 items identify the traits that are necessary for the succesful performance of a job 33 itmes cover five trait categories: physical, mental, learned, motivational, and social
Term
Fleishman Job Analysis Survey (F-JAS)
Definition
requires incumbents or job analysts to view a serieos of abilities and rate teh level of ability needed to perform the job.  these ratings are performed for each of teh 72 abilities and knowledge more detailed than TTA
Term
Job Adaptability Inventory (JAI)
Definition

132 item inventory developed by Pulakos, Arad, Donovan, and Plamondon that taps the extent to which a job incumbent needs to adapt to situations on the job has eight ddimensions:

handling emergencies or crisi situations, handling work stress, solving problems creatively, dealing with uncertain and unpredictable work situations, learnign work tasks, technologies, and procedures, demonstrating interpersonal adaptability, demonstarting cultural adaptibilty, and demonstrating physically oriented adaptability

Term
Personality-Related Position Requirements Form (PPRF)
Definition
developed by Raymark, Schmit, and Guion to identify the personality types needed to perform job-related tasks consists os 107 items tappign 12 personality dimensions that fall under the Big 5 personality dimensions very reliable and shows promsie
Term
job evaluation
Definition
the process of determining a jobs worth typically done in two stages: determining internal pay equity and determing external pay equity
Term
compensable job factors
Definition

level of responsibility

physical demands

mental demands

education requirements

training and experience requirements

working conditions

 

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