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Also called a microprocessor
the microchip the os uses for processing all data and instruction
most important microchip in the system |
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| computer program that controls a computer |
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*1st operating system among IBM computers and IBM compatible computers
*Outdated as of today as an option for desktop computers
*Sometimes used in specialized systems-trouble shooting when a windows os fails |
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*true os with a dos core that provide a user interface
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows Me |
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Two versions: Nt for workstation and windows NT server to control a Network-
built on NEW TECHNOLOGY
doesn't support plug N Play |
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update for windows NT, comes in four versions:
1)Windows 2000 Professional (popular os for the corporate desktop)
2)Windows 2000 Server
3)Advance Server
4)Data Center Server (network server OS) |
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two versions XP HOME & XP Professional
64 bit |
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| popular os used to control networks and to support applications used on the internet |
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| down scale version of Unix provided in basic form, free of charge, includes open access to the programming code of the os, often used for server applications |
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devolped by IBM & Microsoft, less common for home desktop PCS, used in certain types of networks-
Microsoft developed windows NT using some of the core components of os/2=intended to replace os/2 |
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| available only for apple macintosh computers and is often used for graphics and educational settings |
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| operating System 4 main functions |
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Definition
| Managing hardware, managing files, providing a user interface,managing applications |
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| Operating Systems two main components |
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| portioin of the os that relates to the user and applications |
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| responisble for interacting with hardware-has more power to communicate with hardware devices than the shell, so that applications operating under the os cannot get to hardware devices with out the shell passing those request to the kernal |
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| database windows uses to store hardware & software configuration information,user preferences, and set up information. |
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| an ini.or inf. extension= configuration information files for windows |
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type commands to tell the os to perform operations
Dos and Unix use command driven interfaces |
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Definition
choose from a list of options displayed on screen
(Windows Explorer)
Using Drop down menus you can format disk,rename files, and perform many other operations to manage files and storage devices |
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Also caled a graphical user interface or (GUI)
performs operations by selecting icons on the screen |
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| screen that appears when os is first executed |
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| process that cpu is aware of |
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32 bit mode
much faster than 16 bit mode
processes twice as much data at a time |
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| (FAT) a table on a hard drive or floppy disk that tracks the locations of files on disk |
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| concentric circles on a disk surface |
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| segments that divide a track |
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| smallest unit of space on a disk for storing data and is made up of one or more sectors |
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| most recent version of FAT/more efficent method of organization for large hard drives than FAT 16 |
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| random access memory-memory modules on the motherboard containing microchips used to temporarily hold data and programs while the CPU processes both. Information in RAM is losted when computer is turned off! |
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Definition
240-pin
DDR2 DIMM
184 pin RIMM
184 pin DDR DIMM
168 pin DIM
72 pin SIMM
30 pin SIM |
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Term
Advantages of Dos
***DOS PRIMARY USE IS FOR TROUBLE SHOOTING** |
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Definition
*still an option doe some specialized applications using dedicated computer that doesn't invovle heavy user interaction
*Boot & troubleshoot with a more sphisticated os fails
*Runs on a small inexpensive microcomputer with a minimum amount of memory and hard drive space
*text based dos programs are faster and more compact than comparable graphics inensive GUI programs
*Some older Applications are still in use today that were written for DOS & older hardware because of low overhead of Dos com. to more modern os |
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*memory management is awkard and sometimes slow
* NO icon-driven interface
*only single tasking
*not designed for use on networks-a separate software program is necessary for a dos machine to access a network
*last stand alone version of dos is dos 6.22 -dosen't take advantage of many new CPU features
*hardly any new software is being written for dos |
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Term
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Definition
plug and play was introduced by windows 95- was an improved more automated method of installing new hardware devices
***REMEMBER THAT 9X/ME HAVE A DOS CORE***
*backwards compatible -compatible with older software and hardware while taking advantage of New Technology
*is the bridge from dos to windows NT |
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Definition
a program stored on the hard drive that tells the computer how to communicate with an input/output devices
such as printer or modem |
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Definition
16 bit core
16 bit device drivers |
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Definition
16 bit and 32 bit core
16 bit device driver
32 bit device driver |
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Definition
32 bit core
32 bit device drivers |
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windows 95
recommended minimum hardware requirments for windows |
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Definition
Processor:486 or higher
RAM: 8 MB
Free hard drive space:50 MB |
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Windows 98
recommended minimum hardware requirments for windows |
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Definition
Processor: Pentium
RAM: 24 MB
Free disk drive space: 195 MB |
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Windows ME
recommended minimum hardware requirments for windows |
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Definition
Processor:Pentium 150MHZ
RAM: 32MB
Free hard drive space:320 MB |
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Term
| What is faster PCI Slots or ISA slots? |
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Definition
PCI slots are faster because they are 32 bit ISA are only 1 bit
ISA are less common because because new os do not offer backwards compatablity |
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Term
| What is AGP bus/slot used for? |
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Definition
| Accelerated Graphics Port- a bus or slot on the motheroard used for a single video card |
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Term
| According to microsoft what makes a BIOS a good BIOS? |
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Definition
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| what os does not support plug n play? |
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Definition
windows NT-wasn't built in the os- NT was for a server
Plug N Play was first supported in windows 9x/me |
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| what os dosen't require BIOS plug n play to aid in configuration? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you know if a cmos battery is dead? |
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Definition
| on inital start up there is a note that says system date not set |
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| what are two thingsthat must happen for programs to be stored on a drive? |
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Definition
1) load into RAM
2) assigned memory address |
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Term
| what is the group of standard that governers how a hard drive should work? |
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Definition
EIDE-enhanced integrated drive electronics-standard for managing the interface between secondary storage and a computers system
IDE-Integrated Drive Electonics |
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Term
| does NTFS or FAT32 yield more file storage? |
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Definition
| NTFS because the magnetic material on the hard drive is much more magnetic |
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| what is another name for a logical drive? |
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Definition
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| what are 4 ways to start application from desktop? |
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Definition
| programs,icon,run, or windows explorer |
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Term
| How are BIOS and DEVICE DRIVERS the same? |
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Definition
| deal with specific hardware devices |
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| what is the only program that can be accessed from RUN? |
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Definition
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| what 3 text files does windows 9x support when loading? |
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Definition
autoexec.bat (or batch files)which loads
config.sys
sys,ini which loads drivers |
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Term
| three names of a directory created under another directory are? |
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Definition
sub directory
child directory
FOLDERs |
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| Where does windows keep information about installed drivers? |
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Definition
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| what is the os that has changed most radically? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are 4 resources used to manage hardware? |
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Definition
1)IRQ (interupt that hardware generates)
2)MEMORY ADDRESSES (directs to place in memory)
3)I/O Addresses (hardware addresses)
4)DMA channels (direct memory addressing |
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Term
| why is there less of a need for DMA? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are 3 ways to control hardware devices? |
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Definition
| ROM BIOS,Device Drivers,directly |
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Term
| how can you determine if BIOS or DEVICE DRIVER is controlling a device? |
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Definition
| if device is configured using CMOS setup BIOS is controlling it, is the devices is configured using the os the driver controls it. |
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Term
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Definition
| can be primarly partition or extended partition.A primary partition can have one logical drive and an extended partition can have one or more logical drives |
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Term
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Definition
| list of files and subdirectories |
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Definition
| main directory created when a hard drive is first formatted |
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Term
| BIOS IS A BASIC______ & ______ system. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| part of the system BIOS that is responsible for controlling the PC when it is first turned on. start-up bios gives control over to the operating system once it is loaded |
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Term
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Definition
| an 8-bit or 16-bit slot first used in the 1980s on motherboards -sometimes still used today-industry standard architecture |
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Term
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Definition
| Peripheral Component Interconnect BUS-invented for devices that are faster than 16 bit ISA bus, can not run as fast as the bus between memory and the CPU |
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Term
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Definition
| numbers addigned to each usable cell of memory, done normally when os is first loaded |
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Term
| what does CMOS stand for? |
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Definition
| complementary metal oxide semiconductor |
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