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Chapter 1,2,and 3
definitions
35
Political Studies
Graduate
01/27/2011

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Term
Government
Definition
A collective of indiiduals nd institutions , the formal vehicles through which policies are made and affairs of state are conducted.
Term
Citizen
Definition
member of the political community to whom certain rights and obligations are attached.
Term
Politics
Definition
The study of who gets what, when,and how- or how policy decisions are made.
Term
Monarchy
Definition
A form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern in the interests of all.
Term
Totalitarianism
Definition
An economic sytem in which the government has total control over the economy.
Term
Oligarchy
Definition
a form of government in which the right to participate is conditioned on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achevement.
Term
Social Contract
Definition
An agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed.
Term
Direct democracy
Definition
A system of government in which members of the plity meet to discuss all policy decisions and then agree to abide by majority rule.
Term
Indirect (Representative) democracy
Definition
A system of government that gives citizens the opportunity to vote for representives who will work on their behalf.
Term
Republic
Definition
A government rooted in the consent of the governed; representative or indirect democracy.
Term
Political culture
Definition
Commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core vaes about how government should operate.
Term
Personal liberty
Definition
A key characteristic of U.S. Democracy initially meaning freedom from governmental interferencm today it includes demands for freedom to engage in a variety of practices free from governmental discrimination.
Term
Popular consent
Definition
The idea that governments must draw their powers from consent of he governed.
Term
Majority rule
Definition
The central premise f direct democray in which only policies that collectivel garner thesupport of a mojrity of voter will be made into law.
Term
Popular sovereignty
Definition
The right of the majority to govern themselves.
Term
Natural Law
Definition
A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical pricipalles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason.
Term
Civil Society
Definition
Society created when citizens arealowed to organize andexpress their views publicly as they engae in an open debate about public policy.
Term
Political Ideology
Definition
The coherent set of values and beliefs about te purpose and scope o government held by groups and individuals.
Term
Conservative
Definition
One thought to believe that a government is best that governs least and that big goverment can only inringe on indivdual, personal, and economic rights.
Term
Liberal
Definition
One considered to favor extensive governmental involvement in the economy and the provision of ocial services and to take an activist role in protecting the rights of women, the elderly,minorities, and the envioronment.
Term
Libertarian
Definition
One who favors a free market economy and no governmental interference in personal liberties.
Term
American Dream
Definition
An american ideal of a hapy successful life, which often includes wealth, a house,a better life for ones children, and for some the abilit to grow up to be president
Term
Mercantilism
Definition
An economic theory designed to increase a nations wealth through the development of commercial industy and a favorable balance of trade
Term
Stamp act congress
Definition
Meeting ofrepresentatives of nine of the thirteen colonies held in Ne yok city in 1765 during which representaties drafted a document to send to the king listing how their rights had been violated.
Term
Committees of correspondence
Definition
Organizations in each of the American colonies creatd to keep colonists abreast of developments with the British served as powerful molders of public opinion against the british
Term
First Continental Congress
Definition
Meeting held in Philidelphia from Sept 5 to Oct 26 in which fifty six delegates adopted a resolution in opposition to he coercive acts
Term
Second continental congress
Definition
Meeting that convened in Philidelphia on May 10, 1775 at which it was decide that an army should be raided and George Washington of Virgina was named commander in chief
Term
Confederation
Definition
Type of government where thenational government derives its powers from the states a league of independent states.
Term
Declaration of indpendence
Definition
Document drafted by Thomas Jeffrson in 1776 That proclaimed theright of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain.
Term
Articles of confederation
Definition
The compact among the thirteen original states that was the basis of their government Written in 1776 the articles were not ratified by all states until 1781
Term
Shays Rebellion
Definition
A 1786 rebellion inwhich an army of 1500 disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel Shays marced to springfield Massachusetts and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms
Term
Constitution
Definition
A document establishing the structure functions and limitations of a government
Term
Virginia Plan
Definition
The first general plan for the Constitution proposed by James Madison Its key points were a bicameral legislature an executive chosen by th legislature and a judiciary also named by the legislature
Term
New Jersey plan
Definition
A frame work for the constitution proposed by a group of small states its key points were a one house lefislature with one vote for each state
Term
Great Compromise
Definition
A decision made during the constitutionalconvention to give each state the same number of represetatives in the senate regardless of size representation in the house was determined by population.
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