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| the sequence of physical, cognitive, physiological, and social changes that children undergo as they grow older |
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| a broad framework or set of principles that can be used to guide the collection and interpretation of a set of facts |
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| the evolutionary history of species |
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| people's design for living as encoded in their language and seen in the physical artifacts, beliefs, values, customs, and activities that have been passed down from one generation to the next |
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| the development of an individual organism during its lifetime |
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| the inherited biological predisposition of an individual |
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| the influences of the social and cultural environment of the individual |
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| the degree to which and the conditions under which development is open to change and intervention |
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| a period during which specific biological or environmental events are required for normal development to occur |
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| a time in an organism's development when a particular experience has an especially profound effect |
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| the requirement that scientific knowledge not be distorted by the investigator's preconceptions |
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| the scientific requirement that when the same behavior is measured on two or more occasions by the save or different observes, the measurements be consistent with each other |
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| the scientific requirement that other researchers can use the same procedures as an initial investigator did and obtain the same results |
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| the scientific requirement that the data being collected actually reflect the pheonomenon being studied. |
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| when two or more methods are combined to confirm conclusions about factors causing a particular behavior |
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| observation of the actual behavior of people in the course of their everyday lives |
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| an interdisciplinary science that sties the biological and evolutionary foundations of behavior |
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| the study of the cultural organization of behavior |
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| the range of situations in which people are actors, the roles they play, the predicaments they encounter, and the consequences of those encounters |
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| the physical and social context in which a child lives, including the child-rearing and education practices of the society and the psychological characteristics of the parents |
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| research in which a change is introduced in a person's experience and the effect of that change is measured |
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| the assumption that is precise enough to be tested as true or false through properly planned comparison |
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| the person in an experiment whose experience is changed as part of the experiment |
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| the group in an experiment that is treated as much as possible like the experimental group except that it does not participate in the experimental manipulation |
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| the extent to which behavior is studied in one environment is characteristic of behavior exhibited by the same person in a range of environments |
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| a research method in which questions are tailored to the individual, with each question depending on the answer to the proceeding one |
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| the overall plan describing how a study is put together; it is developed before conducting research |
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| a research design in which data is gathered about he same group f children as they grow older over an extended period of time |
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| a research design in which children of various ages are studied at one time |
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| a research design in which children of various ages are studied at one time |
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| a research method in which children's development is studied intensively over a relatively short period of time |
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| a group of persons born about the same time who are therefore likely to share the same experiences |
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| an experiment design in which the longitudinal method is replicated with several cohorts |
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| the term applied to causes of development that arise as a consequence of the organism's biological heritage |
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| sequence of changes that are strongly influenced by genetic inheritance and that occur as individuals grow older |
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| the term applied to causes of development that come from the environment, particularly from the adults who shape children behavior and beliefs. |
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| the process by which an organisms behavior is modified as a result of experience |
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| bio-social behavioral shift |
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| a transition point in development, during which a convergence of biological, social, and behavioral changes gives rise to cause distinctively new forms of behavior |
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| a thread-like structure made up of genes. In humans, there are 46 in every cell, except sperm and ova |
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| a long ds molecule that makes up chomosomes |
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| the segments of a DNA molecule that acts as hereditary blueprints for the organism's development |
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| a single cell formed at conception from the union of the sperm and ovum |
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| the process of cell duplication and division that generates all the individual;s cells except sperm and ova |
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| the cells in the body except germ cells |
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| the sperm and ova, which are specialize for sexual reproduction and have half the number or chromosomes normal for a species |
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| the process that produces sperm and ova, each which contains only half of parent's orginal complement of 46 chromosomes |
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| the process by which genetic material is exchanged between chromosomes containing genes for the same characterisitcs |
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| twins that come from one zygote and have identical gneotypes |
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| twins that come from two zygotes |
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| two chomosomes that determines the sex of the individual. Normal females have XX and males have XY. One inherited from mom and other from dad |
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| the genetic endowment of an individual |
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| the organism's observable characteristics that result from the interaction of the genotype with environment |
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| the totality of conditions and circumstances that surround the organism |
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| the specific form of a gene coded for a particular trait |
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| having inherited two genes of the same allelic form of a trait |
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| having inherited two genes of different allelic forms of a trait |
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| the allele that is expressed when an inidiv has two different alleles for the same trait |
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| the allele that is not expressed when an individual has two different alleles for the same trait |
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| outcome in which a trait that is determined by two alleles is different from the trait produced by either of the contributing alleles alone |
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| traits involving a single gene that operates as "either-or" traits because a person either has one or does not |
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| a genetic trait that is determined by the interaction of several genes |
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| sex-linked charactersitcs |
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| traits determined by genes that are found on only x or y chorom |
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| a researcher who studies hos genetic and enviromental factors combine to produce individual differences in behavior |
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| the possible phenotypes for a single genotype that are compatible with the continued life of an organism |
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| the process that makes some traits relatively invulnerable to environmental events |
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| a measure of the degree to which a variation in a particular trait among indiviuals is related to genetic differences among those individuals |
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| the use of naturally occuring conditions provided by kinship relations to estimate genetic environment contributions to phenotypic traits |
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| a study that compares members of a family to determine how similar they are on a given trait |
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| a study which groups of ID twins and fraternal twins or the same sex are compare to each other and to other famlly members for the similarity on a given trait |
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Definition
| a study in which genetically related indiv who are raised in different family environments or genetically unrelated indiv living in same family are compared to determine the extent to which heredity or environment controls a given trait |
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| the total variety of genetic infomration possessed by a sexually reproducing pop |
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| an error in the process of gene replication that results in a change in the molecular structure of DNA |
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| a basic unit of cultural inheritance. like genes, nemes evolve and are transmitted over time, but they are passed down through social, rather than biological processes |
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| the combined process that emerges from the interaction of biological evolution and cultural evolution. |
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