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Chapter 06
Weathering and Soil
18
Geology
Undergraduate 3
09/28/2011

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Term
Weathering
Definition
The physical breakdown of rock
Mechanical
Chemical
Spheroidal
Term
Mechanical Weathering
Definition
Mechanical process that breaks the material down
Term
Mechanical Weathering - Types
Definition
Frost Wedging
Salt Crystal Growth
Sheeting
Thermal Expansion
Biological Activity
Term
Chemical Weathering
Definition
Where there is some sort of chemical action that weakens that rock and breaks it down
Term
Chemical Weathering - Types
Definition
Dissolution
Oxidation
Hydrolysis
Term
Dissolution
Definition
Rocks dissolving in water
Term
Oxidation
Definition
Occurs when electrons are lost from one element during reaction
Rust
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
The reaction of any substance with water
Term
Spheroidal Weathering
Definition
Gives weathered rock a more rounded or spherical shape
Term
Regolith
Definition
The layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering
Term
Soil
Definition
A combination of mineral and organic matter water and air
Portion of regolith that supports grown of plants
Term
Humus
Definition
The decayed remains of animal and plant life
Organic matter
Term
Controls of Soil Formation
Definition
Parent Materials
Time
Climate
Plants and Animals
Topography
Term
Horizons
Definition
Layers in the soil
Term
Soil Profile
Definition
O A E B C R
Term
Top Soil
Definition
O A
Term
Sub Soil
Definition
B
Term
Acid Rain
Definition
Rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic
Possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH).
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