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Chapter 04
Magma Igneous Rocks and Intrusive Activity
15
Geology
Undergraduate 3
09/28/2011

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Term
Magma
Definition
Below the Surface
Term
Lava
Definition
Above or on the surface
Term
Igneous Rocks
Definition
Form as molten rock cools and solidifies
Extrusive
Intrusive
Term
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Definition
Plutonic Rocks
Formed by cooling below the surface
Term
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Definition
Volcanic Rocks
Formed by cooling above the surface
Term
Felsic Igneous Rocks
Definition
Granitic Composition
Rocks composed almost entirely light colored silicates and sodium rich plagioclase feldspare
Term
Mafic Igneous Rocks
Definition
Basaltic Composition
Contain substantial dark silicate minerals and calcium rich plagioclase feldspar
Term
Factors Effecting Crystal Size
Definition
Big Crystals - Intrusive - Long Cooling
Small Crystals - Extrusive - Fast Cooling
Term
Types of Igneous Textures
Definition
Aphanitic
Phaneritic
Porphyritic
Glassy
Pyroclastic
Pegmatic
Term
Aphanitic
Definition
Fine Grained
Relatively Rapid Cooling
Vesicular Texture with gas bubbles
Term
Phaneritic
Definition
Coarse Grained
Slowly crystalize at great depths
Term
Porphyritic Texture
Definition
For a rock that has a distinct difference in the size of the crystals, with at least one group of crystals obviously larger than another group.
Term
Glassy Texture
Definition
Extrusive
Frozen in place - Cooled very quickly
Term
Pyroclastic Texture
Definition
Fragmental
Formed from consolidation of individual rock fragments
Term
Pegmatitic Texture
Definition
Mineral grains are exceptionally large
Very coarse-grained
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